《高等学校研究应用生英语综合教程-上》原文翻译

上册UnitOneTRAITSOFTHEKEYPLAYERSDavidG.Jensen核心员工特性大卫·G．詹森1Whatexactlyisakeyplayer?AKeyPlayerisaphrasethatI'veheardaboutfromemployersduringjustabouteverysearchI'veconducted.Iaskedaclient-ahiringmanagerinvolvedinarecentsearch-todefineitforme.Everycompanyhasahandfulofstaffinagivenareaofexpertisethatyoucancountontogetthejobdone.Onmyteamofsevenprocessengineerandbiologists，I'vegottwoorthreewhomIjustcouldn'tlivewithout,hesaid.Keyplayersareessentialtomyorganization.Andwhenwehireyourcompanytorecruitforu，sweexpectthatyou'llbegoingintoothercompaniesandfindingjustthat：thestaffthatanothermanagerwillnotwanttoseeleave.Werecruitonlykeyplayers.1核心员工究竟是什么样子?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参加研究人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司均有少数几种这样员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望她们把活儿干好。在我小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存，”她说，“她们对我公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替咱们招募新人时候，咱们期待你们会去其她公司找这样人：其她公司经理不想失去员工。咱们只招募核心员工。”2Thisispartofapeptalkintendedtosendheadhuntersintocompetitor'scompaniestotalktothemostexperiencedstaffaboutmakingachange.Theywanttohireakeyplayerfromanothercompany.Everycompanyalsohiresfromtheranksofnewbies，andwhatthey'relookingforisexactlythesame.Weholdthemuptothestandardsweseeinourtoppeople.Ifitlooksliketheyhavethesesametraits，we'llplaceabetonthem.It'sjustabitriskier.2这是一段布满了鼓动性谈话，目是把猎头们派往竞争对手公司去游说经验丰富员工们做一次职业变更。她们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。她们要寻找是完全同样东西。“咱们把她们和公司顶级员工体现�特质进行对照。如果她们看起来有同样特性话，咱们就在她们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。3It'saneducatedguess,saysmyhiringmanagerclient.Yourjobasafutureemployeeistohelpthehiringmanagermitigatethatrisk.Youneedtohelpthemidentifyyouasaprospectivekeyplayer.3“这是一种有依照猜测，”我人事经理客户说。作为将来一名员工，你工作是协助人事部经理减少这种风险，你需要协助她们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。4Trait1：TheselflesscollaboratorJohnFetzer，careerconsultantandchemist，firstsuggestedthistrait，whichhasalreadybeenwrittenaboutagreatdeal.Itdeservesrepeatingbecauseitisthesinglemostpublicdifferencebetweenacademiaandindustry.It'steamwork,saysFetzerThebusinessenvironmentislesslone-wolfandcompetitive，sosignsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessstandout.Youjustcan'tsucceedinanindustryenvironmentwithoutthismindset4特性1：无私合伙者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提�了这个特性。关于这个特性，人们已经写了大量文章。它之因此值得被重复谈及，是由于这一特性是学术界和公司间最明显差别。“这里需要合伙，”费策尔说，“公司环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，因此体现�合伙和无私精神员工就脱颖而�了。在公司环境中，没有这样思维方式就不也许成功。”5Manypeptidesandgradstudentshaveatoughtimeshowingthattheycanmakethistransitionbecausesomuchoftheirlifehasinvolvedplayingtheindependent-researcherroleandoutshiningotheryoungstars.Youcanmakeyourselfmoreattractivetocompaniesbyworkingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlaboratoriesanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoal—anddocumentingtheresultsonyourresume.Thisapproach，combinedwithaliberaluseofthepronounweandnotjustIwhendescribingyouraccomplishments，canchangethecompany'sperceptionofyoufromalonewolftoaselflesscollaborator.Betterstill，developareputationinsideyourlabandwithpeopleyourlabcollaborateswithasapersonwhofostersandinitiatescollaborations—andmakesurethisqualitygetsmentionedbythosewhowilltakethosereferencephonecalls.5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡过程中体现得相称费力。由于生命中有那么长一段时间她们都在扮演一种独立研究者角色，并且要体现得比其她年轻先进人才更�众。你可以藉此提高在公司吸引力：为追求一种共同目的和来自其她实验室和学科科学家们合伙——并且为你个人履历上内容提供事迹证明。这个办法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“咱们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你看法从“单干户”转变成“合伙者”。更为有利是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合伙人们之间，培养一种良好名誉：一种勉励并发动合伙人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话人们谈及你这个品质。6Trait2：AsenseofurgencyDonHautisafrequentcontributortotheaas.sciencecareers.orgdiscussionforum.Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.Hautheadsstrategyandbusinessdevelopmentforadivisionof3Mwithmorethan$2.4billioninannualrevenues.Heisamongthosewhovalueasenseofurgency.6特性2：急迫感唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org网站论坛频繁写稿撰稿人。她之前是一名科学家。许近年前她转向了公司，并始终做到高档管理职位。她在3M公司一种部门负责方略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴税收高达24亿多美元。她就是一种注重急迫动人。7Businesshappens24/7/365whichmeansthatcompetitionhappens24/7/365，aswell,saysHaut.Onewaythatcompanieswinisbygetting'there'faster，whichmeansthatyounotonlyhavetomobilizeallofthefunctionsthatsupportabusinesstomovequickly，butyouhavetoknowhowtodecidewhere'there'is！Thiscreatesarequirementnotonlyforpeoplewhocanactquickly，butforthosewhocanthinkfastandhavethecouragetoactontheirconvictions.Thisrequirementneedstorunthroughoutanorganizationandisnotexclusivetomanagement.7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜办法之一就是要更快地到达‘目地’。这就是说，你不但要把所有能支持公司迅速运转功能都调动起来，并且还得懂得如何决定‘目地’是哪里。这样，不但对那些行动迅速人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己想法行事人们都提�了规定。这需要全公司各部门运作，而不但仅是管理部门工作。”8Trait3：RisktoleranceBeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.Acandidateneedstohavedemonstratedtheabilitytomakedecisionswithimperfectorincompleteinformation.Heorshemustbeabletoembraceambiguityandstickhisorherneckouttodrivetoaconclusion,wroteoneofmyclientsinajobdescription.8特性3：风险容忍度公司规定员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要体现�仅凭不精确、不完整信息就做�决策能力。她或她必要能接纳不拟定因素并冒着风险做�结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。9Hautagrees.Businesssuccessisoftendefinedbycomfortwithambiguityandrisk-personal，organizational，andfinancial.Thiscreatesadisconnectformanyscientistsbecausesuccessinacademiaisreallymoreaboutcarefu，lstudiedresearch.Further，greatscienceisoftendefinedbyhowonegetstotheanswerasmuchasbytheansweritself，soscientistsoftenfallinlovewiththeprocess.Inabusi