第3版新视野大学英语4读写教程课后练习题答案(1-6单元)

Unit1Wordsinuse1.Asthegenderbarrierscrumbled,thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.随着性别壁垒的瓦解，从20世纪中期开始，从事律师、医生或银行家工作的妇女人数开始显著增加。2.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcandiscerncustomertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.通过每年收集的数据，店主可以辨别顾客的趋势，以及天气和经济指标如何影响销售业绩。3.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbuttosurpasshispersonalgoals.他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到，而且能够超越他的个人目标。4.Heisamanwitha(n)shrewdbusinesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.他是个有精明商业头脑的人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至过多的财富。5.Theconversionofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.核辐射直接转化为电能是一种令人兴奋的可能性，20世纪50年代，许多实验室正在积极探索这种可能性。6.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedtodistortthescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.报告试图歪曲科学事实，甚至一些受过高等教育的人也被愚弄了，我不仅感到震惊，而且感到厌恶。7.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedasradiantasamaninhisforties.这位渔夫六十二岁，有着母亲的皮肤，他经得起一辈子的日晒，看上去像四十多岁的人一样容光焕发。8.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebutingeniouscodewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.法国教育家路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种简单而巧妙的密码，它对几代盲人的生活产生了影响。9.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygotstumpedanddidn'tknowwhattosay.参议员们没想到我们会问这么难的问题，当我们终于问出来时，他们被难住了，不知道该说什么。10.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthepropositionthatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.这所新成立的大学支持这样一个主张：一个更加多样化的高等教育体系是可取的，因为它将增加终身学习的机会。完型Haveyoueverheardpeoplesaythattheytendtobemoreofaright-brainorleft-brainthinker?Frombookstotelevisionprograms,youhaveprobablyheardtheterm1)mentionednumeroustimes,orperhapsyouhaveeventakenanonlinetestto2)determinewhichtypebestdescribesyou.你听过人们说他们更倾向于右脑或左脑思考者吗？从书籍到电视节目，你可能听过无数次提到这个词，或者你甚至参加了一个在线测试，以确定哪种类型最适合你。Dodifferentpartsofthebrainreallycontroldifferentbodilyandmentalfunctions?Overtheyears,atheorythathas3)gainedinpopularityisthattherightbrainandtheleftbrainare4)responsiblefordifferentmodesofthoughtandthatthewayinwhichapersonthinkswilldependonwhichsideofhisbrainworksmoreactively.大脑的不同部分真的控制着不同的身体和精神功能吗？多年来，一种流行的理论认为，右脑和左脑负责不同的思维方式，一个人的思维方式将取决于他大脑的哪一边工作得更积极。Peoplewhorelymore5)heavilyontherighthalfoftheirbraintendtobemoreimaginativeandspontaneous.Theyareinterestedinpatterns,shapesandsizes,fortherightbrainisassociatedwith6)artisticabilitylikesinging,painting,writingpoetry,etc.Left-braindominatedpeoplearequite7)oppositeinthewaytheythink.Theytendtobemorelogicaland8)analyticalintheirthinkingandusuallystandoutinmathematicsandwordskills.更依赖右半脑的人往往更富有想象力和自发性。他们对图案、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与歌唱、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑占主导地位的人的思维方式完全相反。他们的思维倾向于更具逻辑性和分析性，通常在数学和文字技能方面表现突出。Whilethedifferentfunctionsofthetwobrainpartsmayhavebeen9)distortedandexaggeratedbypopularpsychology,understandingyourstrengthsandweaknessesincertainareascanhelpyoudevelopbetterwaystolearnandstudy.Forexample,ifyouareusually10)stumpedintryingtofollowverbalinstructions,anactivityoftencitedasaright-braincharacteristic,youcanbenefitfromwritingdowndirectionsanddevelopingbetterorganizationalskills.虽然这两个大脑部分的不同功能可能被大众心理学扭曲和夸大，但了解你在某些方面的强项和弱项可以帮助你发展更好的学习和学习方式。例如，如果你在试图遵循口头指令（通常被称为右脑特征的活动）时遇到困难，你可以从写下指令和培养更好的组织技能中获益。Expressioninuse1.Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings1)weredrippingwithgreenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight.被毁坏的建筑物的砖墙上滴着绿色的霉菌和湿气，她不由自主地打了个寒颤，低头避开视线。2.Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods2)inexchangeforrawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.随着城市人口出口制成品以换取邻近人口的原材料，有组织贸易大幅增长。3.Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames3)flaredupnearby.由于知道野火蔓延的速度有多快，村里的一些居民决定在附近起火后离家出走。4.Biologyteachersoften4)makeananalogybetweentheheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.生物老师经常把心脏和泵作类比，以帮助学生了解心脏是如何工作的。5.Theywouldliketo5)setadatefortheirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.他们想定个结婚日期，并尽快向家人和朋友宣布订婚。6.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingto6)makeafool7)outofhiminfrontoftheentireclass.他下定决心不让一个嫉妒的同学在全班同学面前愚弄他，让一个完美的好日子难过。7.Thecouple8)madeapactnevertoworkatthesametime,sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldn'thavetobelookedafterbystrangers.这对夫妇约定永远不要同时工作，这样他们中的一个就永远在全职做父母，他们的孩子就不用被陌生人照顾了。8.Thepresidentsaidthatit'stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry,andthathe9)hadappealedtotheworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.奥巴马总统说，这是该国有史以来最严重的地震，他呼吁全世界提供帮助，特别是要求能够将救援物资运送到偏远山区的重型直升机。Unit2Wordsinuse1.Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschooldeficientinliteraryandreasoningskills.我们需要提高教育质量，这样我们的孩子就不会离开文学和推理能力不足的学校。2.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleofla