ASME_常用计算公式及说明

MANDATORYAPPENDICESMANDATORYAPPENDIX1SUPPLEMENTARYDESIGNFORMULAS1-1THICKNESSOFCYLINDRICALANDSPHERICALSHELLS(a)Thefollowingformulas,intermsoftheoutsideradius,areequivalenttoandmaybeusedinsteadofthosegiveninUG-27(c)and(d).(1)Forcylindricalshells(circumferentialstress),tpPRoSE+0.4PorPpSEtRo−0.4t(1)whereRopoutsideradiusoftheshellcourseunderconsider-ation(2)Forsphericalshells,tpPRo2SE+0.8PorPp2SEtRo−0.8t(2)OthersymbolsareasdefinedinUG-27.1-2THICKCYLINDRICALSHELLS(a)(1)CircumferentialStress(LongitudinalJoints).Whenthethicknessofthecylindricalshellunderinternaldesignpressureexceedsone-halfoftheinsideradius,orwhenPexceeds0.385SE,thefollowingformulasshallapply:WhenPisknownandtisdesired,tpR(Z1⁄2−1)pRo(Z1⁄2−1)Z1⁄2(1)whereZpSE+PSE−P329WheretisknownandPisdesired,PpSE
Z−1Z+1(2)whereZp
R+tR2p
RoR2p
RoRo−t2(2)LongitudinalStress(CircumferentialJoints).Whenthethicknessofthecylindricalshellunderinternaldesignpressureexceedsone-halfoftheinsideradius,orwhenPexceeds1.25SE,thefollowingformulasshallapply:WhenPisknownandtisdesired,tpR(Z1⁄2−1)pRo
Z1⁄2−1Z1⁄2(3)whereZp
PSE+1WhentisknownandPisdesired,PpSE(Z−1)(4)whereZp
R+tR2p
RoR2p
RoRo−t2SymbolsareasdefinedinUG-27and1-1.1-3THICKSPHERICALSHELLSWhenthethicknessoftheshellofawhollysphericalvesselorofahemisphericalheadunderinternaldesignCopyrightASMEInternationalProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithASMELicensee=CANADALOCATION(MVDFROM5963911)/5940240006NotforResale,12/01/200611:25:14MSTlassNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--`,`,,,``,,`,,,``,,,,,``````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---A051-32004SECTIONVIII—DIVISION11-4pressureexceeds0.356R,orwhenPexceeds0.665SE,thefollowingformulasshallapply:WhenPisknownandtisdesired,tpR(Y1⁄3−1)pRo
Y1⁄3−1Y1⁄3(1)whereYp2(SE+P)2SE−PWhentisknownandPisdesired,Pp2SE
Y−1Y+2(2)whereYp
R+tR3p
RoRo−t3SymbolsareasdefinedinUG-27and1-1.1-4FORMULASFORTHEDESIGNOFFORMEDHEADSUNDERINTERNALPRESSURE(a)TheformulasofthisparagraphprovideforthedesignofformedheadsofproportionsotherthanthosegiveninUG-32,intermsofinsideandoutsidediameter.Theformulasin1-4(c)and(d)givenbelowshallbeusedfort/L≥0.002.Fort/L0.002,therulesof1-4(f)shallalsobemet.(b)Thesymbolsdefinedbelowareusedintheformulasofthisparagraph(seeFig.1-4):tpminimumrequiredthicknessofheadafterformingtspminimumspecifiedthicknessofheadafterforming,in.(mm).tsshallbe≥t.Ppinternaldesignpressure(seeUG-21)Dpinsidediameteroftheheadskirt;orinsidelengthofthemajoraxisofanellipsoidalhead;orinsidediameterofaconeheadatthepointunderconsiderationmeasuredperpendiculartothelongitudinalaxisDopoutsidediameteroftheheadskirt;oroutsidelengthofthemajoraxisofanellipsoidalhead;oroutsidediameterofaconeheadatthepointunderconsiderationmeasuredperpendiculartothelongitudinalaxisSpmaximumallowableworkingstress,asgiveninSubsectionCexceptaslimitedbyfoot-note1to1-4(c)and(d),UG-24,UG-32(e),andUW-12.330EplowestefficiencyofanyCategoryAjointinthehead(forhemisphericalheadsthisincludeshead-to-shelljoint).Forweldedvessels,usetheefficiencyspecifiedinUW-12.rpinsideknuckleradiusLpinsidesphericalorcrownradiusfortorisph-ericalandhemisphericalheadsLpK1DforellipsoidalheadsinwhichK1isobtainedfromTableUG-37LopoutsidesphericalorcrownradiusL/rpratiooftheinsidecrownradiustotheinsideknuckleradius,usedinTable1-4.2MpafactorintheformulasfortorisphericalheadsdependingontheheadproportionL/rhpone-halfofthelengthoftheminoraxisoftheellipsoidalhead,ortheinsidedepthoftheellipsoidalheadmeasuredfromthetangentline(head-bendline)KpafactorintheformulasforellipsoidalheadsdependingontheheadproportionD/2hD/2hpratioofthemajortotheminoraxisofellipsoidalheads,whichequalstheinsidediameteroftheskirtoftheheaddividedbytwicetheinsideheightofthehead,andisusedinTable1-4.1
pone-halfoftheincluded(apex)angleoftheconeatthecenterlineoftheheadETpmodulusofelasticityatmaximumdesigntemperature,psi.ThevalueofETshallbetakenfromapplicableTableTM,SectionII,PartDSypyieldstrengthatmaximumdesigntempera-ture,psi.ThevalueofSyshallbetakenfromapplicationTableY-1,SectionII,PartD(c)EllipsoidalHeads1tpPDK2SE−0.2PorPp2SEtKD+0.2t(1)tpPDoK2SE+2P(K−0.1)orPp2SEtKDo−2t(K−0.1)(2)1EllipsoidalheadsdesignedunderK1.0andalltorisphericalheadsmadeofmaterialshavingaspecifiedminimumtensilestrengthexceeding70,000psi(482MPa)shallbedesignedusingavalueofSequalto20,000psi(138MPa)atroomtemperatureandreducedinproportiontothereductioninmaximumallowablestressvaluesattemperatureforthematerialasshownintheappropriatetable(seeUG-23).CopyrightASMEInternationalProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithASMELicensee=CANADALOCATION(MVDFROM5963911)/5940240006NotforResale,12/01/200611:25:14MSTlassNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--`,`,,,``,,`,,,``,,,,,``````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---1-4MANDATORYAPPENDIX11-4FIG.1-4PRINCIPALDIMENSIONSOFTYPICALHEADSTABLE1-4.1VALUESOFFACTORK(UseNearestValueofD/2h;InterpolationUnnecessary)D/2h3.02.92.82.72.62.52.42.32.22.12.0K1.831.731.641.551.461.371.291.211.141.071.00D/2h1.91.81.71.61.51.41.31.21.11.0...K0.930.870.810.760.710.660.610.570.530.50...whereKp162+
D2h2NumericalvaluesofthefactorKaregiveninTable1-4.1.Example1.2Deter