论海关行政管理法治构建

1OnConstrctionofRulebyLawinCustomsAdministration12323AbstractAsoneofthesub-systemsofrulebylawinadministration,rulebylawinCustomsadministrationcontainsthefollowingmeanings:1.Customsshallexecuteitsadministrativepowerswithinthepaleoflaw;2.ThelawshallprovideprotectionfrombeingabusedofCustomspowers;3.CustomsshalleffectivelyguardtheorderestablishedbyCustomslaw,positivelyexecuteits4administrativepowers,servetheeconomicconstructionandpromotethedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.ThesystemofrulebylawinCustomsadministrationconsistsofthreeelements:legalsenseofthesubject,facilitiesofCustomslegalnormandfacilitiesoforganizationsandCustomslegalpractice,whichrequiresofCustomsadministrationis“executingtheadministrativepowersaccordingtolawsandsafeguardingnationalinterests,servingtheeconomyandencouragingdevelopment”.Fromthestrategicpointofview,toconstructrulebylawinCustomsadministrationneedstodevelopharmoniouslythethreeelements,tofosterthelegalsenseofCustomslawmakers,Customsandtheobjectsofadministration,toimprovethefacilitiesofCustomslegalnormandorganizationalframeworkandtostandardizeCustomslegalpractice;Fromthetacticalpointofview,thefirstistofurtherreformandimproveallsupervisionandcontrolmodesaswellasclearancesystemsutilizingadvancedtechnology,andtointegrateseparatedCustomsbusinessandtocoordinatecross-departmentoperations;thesecondistopromotetheopenofgovernmentaffairsandtoincreaseenforcementtransparency,toimproveworkingstyleandtoputintothepracticeoffinishingworkwithintheprescribedtimeLimitsandofresponsibilityonthefirsttobeinquired,toprovideservicetothedoorstepandtosolveproblemsforthebusinesscommunityoninitiatives;thethirdistoclearreviseandimproveCustomsregulationsandnormativedocuments;thefourthistostrengthenthecoordinationandcommunicationwiththelocaleconomicadministrationdepartment;thefifthistostrengthenthecontrolandcollectionofCustomsdutiesandtoservethestatemacro-control;thesixthistoestablishmanagementsystemsof5riskmonitoringandriskanalysisandtomakecontinuouseffortstocombatsmugglingundertheguidelineofcombinationofattacksanddefensewithprioritygiventodefense;theseventhistofocusonpeople,tostimulateandincreasetheinitiativesandcommitmentofthestaffandtostrengthentheconstructionofCustomsteaminordertomakeagroupofcomprehensivequalifiedpeoplewiththeinnovativespirit;theeighthistorationalizetheestablishmentofCustomsinstitutions.Atpresent,therearetwomaincontradictionsintheconstructionofrulebylawinCustomsadministration,oneistheprominentcontradictionbetweentheenormousincreaseinCustomsbusinessandthelowqualifiedmanagementresources,whichresultsinlowadministrativeefficiencyandefficacy,ineffectivesupervisionandcontrol,slowclearanceandhighrisksofintegrity.ThewaytosolvetheseproblemsistoestablishriskmonitoringsystemandtointegratetheseparatedCustomsbusinessandtocentralizesimilarbusinessutilizingadvancedtechnology.TheotheroneisthehiddenandinteriorcontradictionbetweenthereformationinCustomsexternalmanagementmodeandtheinternalmanagementsystem(mainlyinpersonnelmanagementsystem),whichresultsinanunstableandlow-spiritedCustomsteamwithoutasenseofbelongings,chaosinCustomsbusinessforshortperiodsandhighriskofintegrity,thewaytosolvetheseproblemsistoestablishclassificationmanagementsystemofhumanresources,toimplementsuchperformance-orientedappointmentandremovalpersonnelsystemsascompetitionforthepostsandtoputintoeffectthecheck-upsystemandmeritsystem.6Ingeneral,toconstructrulebylawinCustomsadministration,itisnecessaryforCustomstofosterlegalsenseofthesubject,toimprovetheCustomslegalfacilitiesandtostandardizetheCustomslegalpractice,tointegratethepresentreformationinexternalmanagementmodeutilizingadvancedtechnologyandtoreforminternalmanagementsystem.71333455577810101013151717818191920202021232323252629293031333436119ContentsPreface1PartOneGeneralAccountofRulebyLawRulebyLawIndministrationandRulebyLawInCustomsAdministration3I.GeneralAccountofRulebyLaw3(I)ConnotationoftheConceptofRulebyLawofPresentAge3(II)RulebyMenLegalSystemandRulebyLaw4II.ConnotationandElementsofRulebyLawInAdministration5(I)ConnotationofRulebylawInAdministration5(II)ElementsofRulebylawInAdministration5III.ConnotationofRulebyLawInCustomsAdministrationandItsRequirementsofPresentCustomsAdministration7(I)ConnotationofRulebyLawInCustomsAdministration7(II)WhatRulebyLawInCustomsAdministrationRequiresofthePresentCustomsAdministration8PartTwo:TheStrategicDispositionandTacticalProgramforConstrictionofRulebyLawInCustomsAdministration10I.TheCoordinatedDevelopmentofAllThreeElementsIstheStrategicDispositionforConstructionofRulebyLawInCustomsAdministration10(I)ToFostertheLegalSenseoftheSubject10(II)ToImproveCustomslegalFacilities13(III)ToStandardizeCustomsLegalPractice15II.TheTacticalProgramforConstructionofRulebyLawInCustomsAdministrationistoCarryoutInnovationsinManagementConceptMeansandSystemandtoIncreaseAdministrativeEfficiencyandtheStaffsInitiatives1710(I)ToReformSupervisionandControlModesandClearanceSystems17(II)ToPromotetheOpenofGovernmentAffairsandtoImproveService18(III)ToClearReviseandImproveCustomsRegulationsan