国内外土壤环境质量

国内外土壤环境质量标准概要四川省环境保护科学研究院傅尧信2009,4,101.国外土壤环境质量标准体系2.国内土壤环境质量标准概要3.土壤修复相关标准国外土壤环境质量标准体系目录•国外土壤环境质量标准概况•美国土壤环境质量标准体系•荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系•加拿大土壤环境质量标准•澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准•其它国家土壤环境质量标准国外土壤环境质量标准概况•保护对象的多样性•暴露方式的多样性•标准的多样性保护对象的多样性•人体健康•生态系统植物农作物其它植物野生动物哺乳类动物鸟类无脊椎动物生物过程•地下水暴露方式的多样性•皮肤接触•直接摄入•间接摄入•呼吸吸入•地下水饮用标准的多样性•通用标准•按土地用途分类标准•按暴露方式分类标准•土地修复•污染物清除标准值设定示意图concentrationScreeningRiskAssessmentNegligibleriskWarningriskUnacceptableriskLongtermobjectivese.g.TargetvaluesFurtherinvestigatione.g.TriggervalueNeedofremediatione.g.interventionvalues欧洲国家标准设定级别countries可忽略风险警示风险不可接受风险ScreeningRAScreeningRAScreeningRASite-specificRAATTriggerValuesIntervent.valuesNLTargetvalueIntervent.valuesITLimitvalueBE-FLbackgroundFurtherinvensti.Cleanupstan.BE-wReferen.valuetriggervalueIntervent.valuesCZLongtermob.FurtherinvenstiremediationDKSoilqualitycrit.Cut-offvaluesDETriggervaluesActionlevels金属的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克As12302929Ba600160500Be50.043Cd0.20.50.800.8Cr34130100130Cr(Ⅵ)2.5Hg0.050.40.30.3Pb25808585Ni24603535有机物的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克苯0.10.030.01乙苯0.10.040.0021甲苯0.10.030.0007二甲苯0.20.030.0007萘0.050.01蒽0.10.1苯并芘0.010.10.1三氯乙烯0.10.01PCB0.020.02金属的警示值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克德国斯洛伐克瑞典As204065503015Be1520Cd23102051Cr50125450400250250Cr(Ⅵ)4.215Hg292.52025Pb100195250400150300Ni70150180140100150Zn2301500500700金属的行动干预值(mg/kg)奥地利比利时wa捷克荷兰斯洛伐克As50300705550Ba10006252000Be203030Cd1030201220Cr250520500380800Hg1056101010Pb500700300530600Ni140300250210500Zn71025007203000美国土壤环境质量标准体系1.美国国家土壤环境质量标准体系的组成:通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)人体健康土壤筛选值土壤放射性核素筛选值2.美国区系(region)土壤环境质量标准体系3.美国各州的土壤环境质量标准体系美国土壤环境质量标准体系的特点•科学性•系统性•完整性•互补性通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)•genericSSLsfor110chemicals.GenericSSLsThegenericSSLsarenotnecessarilyprotectiveofallknownhumanexposurepathways,reasonablelanduses,orecologicalthreats.GenericSSLsarepresentedseparatelyformajorpathwaysofconcerninbothsurfaceandsubsurfacesoils.通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(Inorganics)CASNo.CompoundIngestion(mg/kg)InhalationFugitiveparticulate(mg/kg)Migrationtogroundwater20DAF1DAF(mg/kg)(mg/kg)7440-36-0AntimonySb31---50.37440-38-2ArsenicAs0.47502917440-39-3BariumBa55006.9E﹢051600827440-41-7BerylliumBe0.113006337440-43-9CadmiumCd78180080.47440-47-3Chromium(total)39027038216065-83-1Chromium(III)78000---------18540-29-9Chromium(VI)39027038257-12-5Cyanide1600---4027439-92-1LeadPb400---------7440-02-0NickelNi16001300013077782-49-2Selenium390---50.37440-22-4SilverAg390---3427440-28-0Thallium------0.70.047440-62-2Vanadium550---60003007440-66-6ZincZn23000---12000620通用土壤筛选值GenericSSLs(organics)CASNo.CompoundIngestion(mg/kg)Inhalationvolatiles(mg/kg)Migrationtogroundwater20DAF1DAF(mg/kg)(mg/kg)67-64-1acetone78001.0E﹢05160.8309-00-2aldrin0.0430.50.0271-43-2benzene220.80.030.00265-85-0Benzoicacid3.1E﹢05---4002075-25-2bromoform81530.80.0471-36-3butanol780010000170.967-66-3chloroform1000.30.60.0372-54-8DDD3---160.872-55-9DDE2---54350-29-3DDT2---3221336-36-3PCBs1---------108-95-2Phenol47000---1005生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)（mg/kg土壤干重）序号金属和有机污染物植物土壤无脊椎动物野生动物鸟类哺乳动物1镉Cd321400.770.362铬Cr--CrⅢ-26CrⅥ-无CrⅢ-34CrⅥ-1303钴Co13-1202304铜Cu708028495铅Pb120170011566锰Mn220450430040007镍Ni382802101308硒Se0.524.11.20.639银Ag560-4.21410钒V--7.8280续上表11锌Zn160120467912锑Sb-78-0.2713砷As18-434614钡Ba-330-200015铋Be-40-2116DDT(包括代谢物)--0.0930.02117狄氏剂--0.0220.004918PAH低分子量-29-100高分子量-18-1.119五氯苯酚5.0312.12.8人体健康土壤筛选值居住区土壤筛选值（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.0430.50.02DDT2-322狄氏剂0.0410.0040.0002锑Sb31-50.3砷As0.4-291钡Ba5500-160082铋Be160-633镉Cd70-80.4铬（总量）230-382铬Cr-Ⅲ120000---铬Cr-Ⅵ230-382汞Hg1600-20.1镍Ni23101307硒Se1600-50.3银Ag390-342铊TI390-0.70.04钒V6-6000300锌Zn550-12000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室外作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.260.50.02DDT8-322狄氏剂0.220.0040.0002锑Sb450-50.3砷As2-291钡Ba79000-160082铋Be2300-633镉Cd900-80.4铬（总量）3400-382铬Cr-Ⅲ1000000---铬Cr-Ⅵ3400-382汞Hg3401420.1镍Ni23000-1307硒Se5700-50.3银Ag5700-342铊TI91-0.70.04钒V7900-6000300锌Zn340000-12000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室内作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.30.50.02DDT17322狄氏剂0.40.0040.0002锑Sb82050.3砷As4291钡Ba140000160082铋Be4100633镉Cd200080.4铬（总量）6100382铬Cr-Ⅲ1000000--铬Cr-Ⅵ6100382汞Hg61020.1镍Ni410001307硒Se1000050.3银Ag10000342铊TI1600.70.04钒V140006000300锌Zn61000012000620美国土壤筛选值的制定方法通用土壤筛选值(GenericSSLs)制定方法生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)制定方法人体健康土壤筛选值制定方法确定土壤筛选值(SSLs)的一般步骤•Developingaconceptualsitemodel(CSM)•ComparingtheCSMtotheSSLscenario•Definingdatacollectionneeds•Samplingandanalyzingsoilsatsite•Calculatingsite-specificSSLs•ComparingsitesoilcontaminantconcentrationstocalculatedSSLs•Determiningwhichareasofthesiterequirefurtherstudy.SSLEquations--SurfaceSoilsEquation1:ScreeningLevelEquationforIngestionofNoncarcinogenicContaminantsinResidentialSoilScreeningLevel(mg/kg)=THQ×BW×AT×365d∕1/RfDo×10-6kg/mg×EF×ED×IR•Parameter/Definition(units)Default•THQ/targethazardquotient(unitless)1•BW/bodyweight(kg)15•AT/averagingtime(yr)6•RfDo/oralreferencedose(mg/kg-d)chemical-specific•EF/exposurefrequency(d/yr)350•ED/exposureduration(yr)6•IR/soilingestionrate(mg/d)200Equation2:ScreeningLevelEquationforIngestionofCarcinogenicContaminantsinResidentialSoilScreeningLev