土壤重金属复合污染对脲酶、磷酸酶及脱氢酶的影响

2008,28(2)147~152ChinaEnvironmentalScience,*,(,,210008)(PbZnCuCd).,.Vmax60%77%38%,Km2.732.25.,PbZnCuCdVmaxKm;4,.X131.3,S154.36A10006923(2008)02014706Kineticscharactersofsoilurease,acidphosphotaseanddehydrogenaseactivitiesinsoilcontaminatedwithmixedheavymetals.TENGYing,LUOYong-ming*,LIZhen-gao(StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2008,28(2)147~152AbstractThekineticscharactersofenzymaticactivitiesinsoilcontaminatedwithheavymetalsinthelead-zinctailingminewerestudied.Soilenzymeactivitiesdecreasedmarkedlywithincreasingdegreeofsoilpollutioncausedbyheavymetalsintheminearea.TheaverageVmaxvaluesofsoilurease,phosphotaseanddehydrogenaseinthemineareawere60%,77%and38%ofthoseofnon-minearea,andthattheaverageKmvaluesofsoilurease,phosphotasewere2.73and2.25timesthanthoseofnon-minearea,respectively.Thestepwiseregressionandpathanalysisfurthershowedthatkineticsparameters(VmaxandKm)ofthereactionpromotedbysoilurease,phosphotaseanddehydrogenaseweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththeconcentrationsofheavymetalssuchasPb,Zn,CuandCdinsoiloftheminearea.However,thedegreeoftheinfluenceofeachheavymetalontheactivityofdifferentenzymeswasgreatlydifferent,andmoreover,therewasaninteractingeffectoffourheavymetals.Keywordsheavymetalmixedpollutionsoilenzymaticactivitykineticsparameters,,.,[19].,,,[56].,[5,7],,.,–.,[1012].,Km,,Vmax–.,20070504(40432005);973(2002CB410809/10);(kzcx2-yw-404CXTD-Z2005-4)*,,[e-mail]14828.,,–,PbZnCuCd,3,,.11.18.1.;2.;3.;4.;5.;6.300m;7.500m;8.().8.,.1mm,60%,,4,.,,.1.2[13],.5:0.005,0.010,0.040,0.080,0.160mol/L;6:0,3,6,12,24,48h.5:0.1%,0.2%,0.4%,0.8%,1.6%;6:0,1,2,4,8,16h.5TTC:0.1%,0.2%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%;6:0,2,4,8,16,24h.3..1.3,37,24hNH4+Nmg/g;,37,24hPhenolmg/g;(TTC),37,24hTPFmg/g.[13].1.4Michaelis-Menten,Lineweaver-Bruke,1/V1/[S],Km/Vmax1/Vmax,KmVmax:[S]/V=[S]/Vmax+Km/Vmax(1):[S];1/[S][S];V;Vmax;Km.1.5CuZnPbCd–,0.1mol/LHCl(,:=5:1),(VarianSpectrAA220FS);[14].1.6Microsoft®Excel2000,SPSS10.0SAS6.12DPS[15].22.11,pH5.02~7.84,6.35;0.22~11.3g/kg,4.52g/kg;1.31~105.4mg/kg,41.7mg/kg;1.26~10.51cmol/kg,4.90cmol/kg;.,,pH,1,.2.22,PbZnCuCd,(8)30.7,8.35,21493.83,33.5;28.8,7.37,16.1,44.4.,83.0%,ZnpH,,.,.1Table1Basicphysico-chemicalpropertiesofsoilsamplestestedpH(g/kg)(mg/kg)(cmol/kg)(%)2~0.02mm0.02~0.002mm0.002mm17.844.528.251.5158.3532.539.1226.480.221.311.2665.8725.598.5437.612.059.712.7567.2323.818.9647.171.586.462.5163.0827.479.4555.385.7967.876.0154.4533.2012.3566.144.4848.484.8748.7140.0811.2175.186.24105.449.7531.0658.3010.6485.0211.386.2110.5135.1236.8528.032Table2HeavymetalcontentsofsoilsamplescollectedinthePb,Znminearea(mg/kg)(mg/kg)PbZnCuCdPbZnCuCd11604.091836.4250.9215.2153.55230.4616.161.9621399.091565.4539.8311.1152.12281.6413.821.2531104.411272.5431.759.7740.21198.4110.481.2141061.371015.1626.117.2331.76210.8811.571.265714.54923.1419.815.1022.66163.001.090.596658.81759.9816.745.7019.64143.801.020.467433.94597.8011.904.6216.68144.600.960.35828.48121.146.640.221.0323.680.430.02875.591011.4525.467.3729.71174.566.940.89LSD0.053.524.330.720.160.250.930.060.03:331.1,,,,(8).,,11.54%16.26%25.95%,,.,.2.33,(KmVmax),Vmax,3Vmax.3,Vmax60%77%38%,Vmax50%;Vmax,15028(69.4),(29.0),(17.3).3Km,,Vmax,,Km,2.732.25.,KmVmax,.Km,(46.1)(34.8)(31.9),.,3(Vmax/Km),,Km,Vmax,.0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.512345678(NH4+-Nmg/g)0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.012345678(Phenolmg/g)0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.812345678(TPFmg/g)1Fig.1Enzymaticactivitiesofsoilsamplestested3Table3KineticparametersofUrease,phosphotaseanddehydrogenaseactivitiesinsoilsamplestestedKmVmaxKmVmaxKmVmax16.12a1.05a4.95a1.28a0.78a0.35a25.47b1.17a4.24b1.41b0.85a0.48b34.23c1.34b3.98c1.74c1.14b0.54c43.54d1.53c3.51d1.88d1.26c0.66d53.11e1.79d3.02e1.89e1.45d0.79e62.75f1.87e2.88f1.87f1.87e1.23f71.88g1.21f2.01g1.98g1.93f1.56g81.42h2.38g1.56h2.24h2.12g1.73h3.571.543.271.791.430.92C.V.%46.1129.0234.7917.3231.9056.92:Km:mmol/L;Vmax:µmol/L.h;SSR(P0.05)2.4(4).4,CuZnPbCd,PbZnCd,Vmax,Cu,Vmax.Vmax,CuPb.4,CuZnPbCd,PbZnCu,Km,Cd,Km.,4Km.,CuZnPbCd,,.F(4),Vmax,Vmax2151,Vmax.2.,,,.CuZnPbCdVmax,Km,2,.4Table4MultivariateregressionanalysisbetweenmetalcontentsandsoilenzymaticactivitiesFVmaxY=2.37890.0087X10.0032X2+0.0231X30.2069X46.26*0.032VmaxY=2.24080.0278X1+0.0015X2+0.0203X30.0403X41.990.298VmaxY=1.82730.0082X10.0018X2+0.0218X30.5718X414.08*0.017KmY=1.3644+0.1189X10.0082X20.0247X3+0.2994X433.29*0.008KmY=1.5371+0.0541X10.0026X20.0555X3+1.0109X429.69**0.009KmY=2.2002-0.0177X1-0.0003X2-0.0094X3-0.1521X415.65*0.024:X1,X2,X3,X4ZnPbCuCd;***F0.050.015VmaxKmTable5PathcoefficientsofheavymetalsonkineticparameterVmaxandKminsoilsamplestestedVmaxKmPbVmaxZnVmaxCuVmaxCdVmaxPbKmZnKmCuKmCdKmPb0.35380.51000.31750.27561.32010.35740.09240.1086Zn0.33100.54510.27990.24401.23510.38200.08150.0962Cu0.32540.44190.34520.27991.21420.30970.10050.1103Cd0.33140.45200.32840.29421.23640.31670.09560.1160Pb1.64100.35550.40340.07770.86760.16120.30070.5648Zn1.53530.38000.35560.06880.81170.17230.26510.5000Cu1.50940.30810.43860.07890.79800.13