博世燃油喷射系统(BOSCH FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS英文）

BOSCHFUELINJECTIONSYSTEMSForbesAirdHPBooks--------------HPBooksarepublishedbyTheBerkleyPublishingGroupAdivisionofPenguinPutnamInc.375HudsonStreetNewYork,NewYork10014Firstedition:July2001ISBN:1-55788-365-3@2001ForbesAird10987654321ThisbookhasbeencataloguedwiththeLibraryofCongressBookdesignandproductionbyMichaelLutfyCoverdesignbyBirdStudiosInteriorillustrationscourtesyofBosch,Inc.andtheauthorasnotedAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyform,byanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.NOTICE:Theinformationinthisbookistrueandcompletetothebestofourknowledge.Allrecommendationsonpartsandproceduresaremadewithoutanyguaranteesonthepartoftheauthororthepublisher.Authorandpublisherdisclaimallliabilityincurredinconnectionwiththeuseofthisinformation.AlthoughmanyoftheillustrationsinthepagesthatfollowweresuppliedbyBoschandusedwiththeirpermission,thispublicationisawhollyindependentpublicationofHPBooks.IamgratefultoRobertBoschGmbHinthepersonsofGerhardKopany,forpermissiontoreproducecopyrightphotosandillustrations,andofWolfgangBoerkel,foranswerstosometechnicalquestions.ThanksarealsoduetoWolfgangHustadtofBoschNorthAmericaandtoBillRoth,forfurthertechnicalinformation.~--A;thOUghgasolinefuelinjection(FI)hasbeenaroundjustaboutaslongastheautomobile'tself,ithasalwaysbeenamysterioustechnology.Untilabout1970itwasbothrareandexpensive,restrictedtosomeaircraftapplications,andtoahand-fullofexotic,highperformancecarsandracers.Productioncars-evenhighperformancesportscars-madedowithcarburetors.Thirty-plusyearslater,andasaresultoftheelectronicsrevolution,thatsituationhasbeenverynearlyturnedonitshead.Whilecarsinmanyracingclasseswearcarburetors,virtuallyeveryproductioncarintheworldhasFI!Yetitremainsamysterytomost.Thisbookisanattempttode-mystifyfuelinjection.WhileitdealsprincipallywiththevariouselectronicfuelinjectionsystemsproducedbytheRobertBoschcompany,muchofwhatissaidinthefollowingpagesalsoappliestoothersystems.Nobookofthissize-indeed,likelynobookofanysize-couldfullydescribetheminorvariationsinFIinstallationsbetweenonevehiclemodelandanother.Still,itishopedthatsufficientdetailisprovidedtobeofbenefittomechanicsbothamateurandprofessional,whilethegeneralprinciplesdescribedwillbeusefulforthoseattemptingperformancetuning,andinformativeforreaderswhosimplyseektounderstandthemystery.CONTENTSCHAPTER1FoodForEngines,FoodForThoughtCHAPTER2FuelInjection:ThenandNowCHAPTER3BoschIntermittentElectronicFICHAPTER4MotronicEngineManagementCHAPTER5TroubleshootingBoschIntermittentElectronicFICHAPTER6BoschContinuousInjectionCHAPTER7TroubleshootingBoschContinousInjectionCHAPTER8PerformanceModifications11937597585109123Ifacertainfixedquantityofair-oranyothergas-isconfinedinaclosedcon-tainerandthenheated,thepressureinsidethecontainerwillrise.Ifoneofthewallsofthecontainerismoveable,theinter-nalpressurewillpushthatwalloutwardwithacertainamountofforce,accordingtohowmuchheatwasputintothetrappedgas.That,inanutshell,istheworkingprinci-pleofallinternalcombustionengines:Eachcylinderisaclosedcontainer,andeachpis-tonrepresentsamoveablewallofthatcon-tainer;theheatissuppliedbytheburningofafuel,usuallygasoline,andthetrappedgasiswhatevermixtureofgaseouscompoundsleftoveraftertheburning.Meanwhile,theothermovingpartsofanenginearethereforoneortheotherofjusttwosupportingfunctions.Thebottomendconvertsthemovementofthepistonsintorotarymotionand,byreturningthemtothetopoftheirstrokes,restorestheclosedcon-tainerstotheiroriginalsize;thevalvegearandeverythingelseatthetopendaretheresimplytoprovidefortheemptyingoutofthespentgassesandtherefillingofthecylinderswithafreshchargeofburnablemixture.Thismayallseemveryobvioustoanyonewitheventhemostbasicunderstandingofhowengineswork,butlurkingwithinthesimplefactsoutlinedaboveisawealthofdetail.Considerthefuel,forexample.Somefuelscontainmorechemicalenergyperpoundthanothers,andsocanproducemoreheatwhenburned.Evenlimitingthediscus-siontogasoline,thefactisthatordinarypumpgasolineisamixtureofhundredsofdifferentflammablecompounds,andeachofthosecompoundshasadifferentpotentialabilitytogenerateheatwhenburned.Theexactnatureofthemixtureofthesecom-poundsvariesfromonepumptoanotherandfromoneseasontothenext,soapoundofgasolinefromonepumpononedaymightreleasesomewhatmoreorlessheatwhenburnedthanwouldapoundfromanotherpump,orfromthesamepumponsomeotherday.Whileeachisunique,allthehundredsofcompoundsthatmakeupgasolinehaveonethingincommon-theyareallhydrocar-bons.Thatis,theyareallmadeofjusttwokindsofatoms,hydrogen(H)andcarbon(C).Thedifferencebetweenoneofthesehydrocarbonsandanotherliesineitherthenumberofhydrogenandcarbonatoms,orinthewayinwhichthesetwocomponentele-mentsarearranged,orboth.Now,burningisaprocessofoxidation-acombiningwithoxygen(O)-so,reducedtoitsbasics,whenahydrocarbonfuellikegasolineburns,individualhydrocarbonmol-eculesfromthegasolinecombinewithindi-vidualmoleculesofoxygenfromtheair.Thehydrogen(H)inthehydrocarboncom-bineswithsomeoftheoxygen(0)int