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我国温室气体排放权交易体系的建构——以欧盟为借鉴(申请清华大学法学硕士学位论文)培养单位:法学院学科:法学研究生:刘星星指导教师:邓海峰副教授二○一二年三月OntheConstructionofGreenhousegasEmissionsTradingSysteminChina:InspirationfromEUETSThesisSubmittedtoTsinghuaUniversityinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementforthedegreeofMasterofArtsinLawbyLiuXingxingThesisSupervisor:AssociateProfessorDengHaifengMarch,2012关于学位论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解清华大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:清华大学拥有在著作权法规定范围内学位论文的使用权,其中包括:(1)已获学位的研究生必须按学校规定提交学位论文,学校可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存研究生上交的学位论文;(2)为教学和科研目的,学校可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在图书馆、资料室等场所供校内师生阅读,或在校园网上供校内师生浏览部分内容。本人保证遵守上述规定。(保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定)作者签名:导师签名:日期:日期:摘要气候变化问题不仅仅是个科学问题,更是生存问题、发展问题。联合国秘书长潘基文曾指出,气候变化问题是当前主要的、压倒一切的环境问题,也是环境管理者们面临的唯一最大的挑战。如何减缓气候变化,已经成为各国共同的、不可推卸的责任。作为减缓气候变化的重要工具之一,温室气体排放权交易已被世界多个国家和地区所采用,欧盟温室气体排放权交易体系(EUETS)更是因其覆盖国家最多、横跨行业最广而被列为各国学习的典型。我国也计划在国内逐渐建立起排放权交易体系,但是我国建立排放权交易面临着诸多困难。首先是建立交易体系的法制障碍,这包括两个方面,一是建立交易体系的法制缺失,即没有排放权交易相关立法和管理办法;二是温室气体排放权可交易性的法律基础缺失。为解决可交易性的法律基础缺失问题,在私法层面上,我国应立法明确温室气体排放权的准物权属性;在公法层面上,则应赋予排放许可以可交易性。其次是具体交易制度应如何构建。这一方面,我国可以根据我国实际情况充分借鉴EUETS做法:在交易阶段上采取试点建设到全国推广的路径;在交易模式上采取总量控制与贸易模式;在交易规则上,包括一级市场、二级市场、交易核证与监管、处罚制度等内容。第三个困难是如何处理交易立法的域外效力。法的域外效力是指法律在其域外具有约束力和强制力。欧盟将国际航空纳入EUETS即是法的域外效力的表现。我国应充分吸取欧盟此举的教训,虽然从全球环境保护和大国责任的角度出发,可以赋予排放权交易立法以域外效力,但这必须建立在双边或多边条约基础上,且必须选择在合适的时机;将来如果不同国家或地区的交易体系发生冲突,解决冲突的最好办法也是冲突各方通过签订条约友善、和平处理。关键词:气候变化;温室气体排放权;温室气体排放权交易体系;欧盟;域外效力AbstractIIIAbstractClimatechangeisnotonlyascientificquestion,butalsoaquestionofsurvivalanddevelopment.AstheUnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralBanKi-Moonhaseverpointedout,climatechangeisthemajor,overridingenvironmentalissueofourtime,andthesinglegreatestchallengefacingtheenvironmentalregulators.Howtomitigateclimatechangehasbeenacommonandunshirkableresponsibilitytoallcountries.Asoneoftheimportantinstrumentstomitigateclimatechange,greenhousegasemissionstradingsystemhasbeenwidelyusedbymanycountriesandregions,especiallytheEuropeanUnionEmissionsTradingSystem(EUETS),thesuccessoftheschemewhichcoversthelargestnumberofcountriesandexpandsthewidestrangeofindustrieshasinspiredothercountriestolaunchcapandtradeschemesoftheirown.Chinaisplanningtograduallysetupitsdomesticgreenhousegasemissionstradingsystem.However,wearefacingmanyproblemsduringtheconstruction.Thefirstproblemislegalobstacleinconstructingemissionstradingsystem,whichhastwoaspects:oneisthelackoflaws,assofarthereisnoanylawsorregulationsonemissionstradingsystem;theotheroneisthelackoflegalbasisregardingthetradabilityofgreenhousegasemissionsright.Inordertoaddressthelackoflegalbasisonthetradability,Chinashallclearlyprescribethatgreenhousegasemissionsrightisaquasi-property-rightundertheprivatelaw,andtheemissionpermitshallbeentitledtobetradableunderthepubliclaw.Thesecondproblemishowtoconstructspecifictradingsystem.Inthisregard,itissuggestedtofullyuseEUETSforreferencesubjecttothestatusquoofChina:intermsoftradingperiod,wecanfollowtheroutefromtestingconstructiontonationalpromotion;intermsoftransactionmode,wecanadoptcapandtrademode;intermsoftransactionrules,itshallincludeprimarymarket,secondarymarket,transactionverificationandsupervision,andpunishmentmechanismetc..ThethirdproblemishowtodealwithExtraterritorialityoftransactionlegislation.TheExtraterritorialityreferstothatthelawsinforeignjurisdictionhavebindingandcoercivepower.TheEuropeanUnionbringinginternationalaviationintoEUETSisanexampletoadopttheExtraterritoriality.Chinashouldlearnfromthisbecausethoughinperspectiveofglobalenvironmentalprotectionandgiantstateresponsibility,itisfinetoentitleExtraterritorialitytoemissionsrighttradingAbstractIVlegislation,theemissionsrighttradinglegislationshouldbeestablishedbasedonbilateralormultilateraltreatiesandproperlyselectedtiming.Inthefuture,ifconflictsinthetradingsystemofdifferentcountriesorregionsoccur,thebestsolutionisalsotobringinvolvedpartiestosigntreatiesinordertoaddresstheproblemfriendlyandpeacefully.Keywords:Climatechange;Greenhousegasemissionsright;Greenhousegasemissionstradingsystem;EUETS;Extraterritoriality目录V目录第1章引言...............................................................................................................11.1研究背景与选题意义.......................................................................................11.1.1研究背景....................................................................................................11.1.2选题意义.....................................................................................................21.2研究现状综述...................................................................................................41.3研究方法...........................................................................................................71.4论文结构安排...................................................................................................8第2章温室气体排放权交易的基础理论.............................................................102.1气候变化与温室气体排放权交易.................................................................102.2温室气体排放权的概念及性质.....................................................................112.2.1温室气体排放权的概念........................................................................
本文标题:我国温室气体排放权体系的建构——以欧盟为借鉴
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