我国环境保护规划的分析与展望

23620106ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.23,No.6June,20101,2,2,2,2,2,231.,1160012.,116023:,,;2,;,,,.:;;;;;:X32:A:1001-6929(2010)06-0782-07AnalysisandProspectofEnvironmentalProtectionPlanninginChinaDONGWei1,ZHANGYong2,ZHANGLing2,YANZhen2yuan2,ZHANGXiao2guang2,HEYuan2guang2,YANLiang2zheng21.DalianEnvironmentalProtectionBureau,Dalian116001,China2.DalianMunicipalDesignandResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,Dalian116023,ChinaAbstract:ThisstudysummarizesthedevelopingcourseofenvironmentalprotectionplanninginChinaandanalyzesitsproblems.Itwasfoundthattheplanisambiguouslystatedandnotrigorouslyenforced.Whilesmalldistrictshaveenvironmentalplans,thelargercitiesencompassingthemlackamasterplan.Otherproblemsincludeincompletemonitoringandsurveillancesystemsandineffectiveproceduresforpublicparticipation.BycomparingandanalyzingplansfromtheUS,theNetherlandsandChina,wewereabletogathermanyinformativeinternationalplanningmethods.BasedonthestatusofenvironmentalprotectioninChinaandthedevelopmentofenvironmentalprotectionplanning,thisstudyrecommendsimprovingthelegalmechanismfortheenvironmentalprotectionlaw,makingamasterplanforcitieswithdistrictgovernments,establishingandimplementingeffectivemonitoringandsurveillancesystems,andtakingeffectivemeanstoencouragepublicparticipation.Theseintensivequalitieswillmaketheenvironmentalprotectionplananassettogovernmentdecisions,andoverallplanningwillbemoreauthoritative,standardized,andscientificallysound.Keywords:environmentalprotection;masterplanning;developingcourse;problem;internationalexperience;recommendation:2009-12-20:2010-02-24::(1959-),,,,,[e-mail].3,(1978-),,,,,,[e-mail],[1].,,,,,,,.,[2],.,,,.,..,,,.,6:,2,,.1,,4,[324].1.1(19731982),1973,,.,,.1.2(19831988),,,,,,.1.3(19891995),,,.1.4(1996),,,,,.,,,,.22.1(1).:;,,,,.,,4[5],.1Table1Comparisonenvironmentalprotectionplanningwithurbanplanningandland2useplanning:,,:,()()(3)20.15,5,:.2.2(),,()38723,(1),.,[6],.2.3(1).,,,[2,7].2.4,[8].,(),,,.,.,,.5a,2015a(1).,;;,,.2.5,.,.,.,,,.2.62.6.1.200112,1a;20031,2a[9].,21301378,65%;70%,56%,43%,86%,53%54%[10].216122007,:,,,.,([2007]37):,20082010,.,.[11212],,,,.,,.21613.,,,.4876:2.7,,.2005(),11,420104,,9216104,,11[13].,,.3,[14215](2),,.2Table2ComparisonofenvironmentalprotectionplanningamongtheUnitedStates,theNetherlandsandourcountry27,,.,,,,,,,,,,,311.,5a,3a[16];27[17],.312,,,,[14].(Covenant)[18],,.,,;,,.,.313.,,3a.2:,;,(),,.58723.314,,[16].,4154111,4118,[17].[19220],,.4411:,,,,.,.,[21],[22].,,,.4.2,.,.,,,,,..111Fig.1Relationshipbetweenenvironmentalprotectionmasterplanningandotherplannings,;;,(),;510a,;;;;.313Table3Differencebetweenenvironmentprotectionmasterplanningandgeneralenvironmentplanning,5a510a6876:413,,;,.41441411,.,,.,,,.,,,.41412.,,,.,.,,,[10].41413,,,.,,..415,,(),,.4[23].4Table4Methodofpublicparticipationinenvironmentalprotectionplanningofdifferentgrade5,,,.,:;;;;.,.(References):[1].[M].:,1994:11.[2],.[J].,2003,25(2):123.[3],,,.[C]PP,,,.:2008.:,2009:3092317.[4],,.[M].:,2001:7.[5].[J].,2006(11):63267.[6],,.[C]PP,,,.:2008.:,2009:3242328.[7],.[J].,2008(24):77279.[8].[C]PP,,,.:2008.:,2009:4142418.[9],,.[C]PP,,,.:787232008.:,2009:3292335.[10],,,.[J].,2009,31(10):91294.[11]GUOHC,LIUL,HUANGGH,etal.Asystemdynamicsapproachforregionalenvironmentalplanningandmanagement:astudyfortheLakeErhaiBasin[J].JEnvironManage,2001,61(1):932111.[12]KORHONENJ.Environmentalplanningvs.systemsanalysis:fourprescriptiveprinciplesvs.fourdescriptiveindicators[J].JEnvironManage,2007,82(1):51259.[13].NGO[J].,2009(19):30231.[14],,,.[J].,2009(14):59261.[15],,,.:[C]PP,,,.:2008.:,2009:2612267.[16]TheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Governmentperformanceresultsactof1993[MPOL].1993[2010202224].http:PP[17]NetherlandsMinistryofHousing,SpatialPlanningandtheEnvironmentDirectorate2GeneralfortheEnvironment.Environmentalmanagementact[MPOL].2004[2010202224].http:PP[18]JANICKEM,JORGENSH.Strategicenvironmentalplanninganduncertainty:across2nationalcomparisonofgreenplansinindustrializedcountries[J].PolicyStudiesJournal,2000,28(3):6122632.[19]STEWARTJMP,SINCLAIRAJ.Meaningfulpublicparticipationinenvironmentalassessment:perspectivesfromCanadianparticipants,proponents,andgovernment[J].JournalofEnvironmentalAssessmentPolicyandManagement,2007,9(2):1612183.[20]BEIEFLETC,CAYFORDJ.Democracyinpractice:publicparticipationinenvironmentaldecision[M].WashingtonDC:RFF,2002.[21].[D].:,2007:12225.[22],,.[C]PP,,,.:2008.:,2009:3702374.[23],.[J].:,2007,7(2):45249.(:)887