数值分析地铁列车振动对周边环境的影响

March8,200721:35WSPC/165-IJSSD00220InternationalJournalofStructuralStabilityandDynamicsVol.7,No.1(2007)151–166c
WorldScientificPublishingCompanyNUMERICALANALYSISOFVIBRATIONEFFECTSOFMETROTRAINSONSURROUNDINGENVIRONMENTH.XIA∗,Y.M.CAOandN.ZHANGSchoolofCivilEngineering&ArchitectureBeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China∗[e-mail]15June2006Accepted4September2006Afiniteelementapproachisextendedtostudythegroundvibrationsinducedbymetrotrainsandtheirpropagationproperties.Twodynamicinteractionmodelsareestablished:thetwo-dimensionaltrain-trackinteractionmodel,whichprovidestheexcitationloadsofmovingtrainsontothetunnelstructure,andthethree-dimensionaltrack-tunnel-groundinteractionmodel,bywhichthepropagationpropertiesofgroundaccelerationsandvelocitiesareanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthereexistsavibrationamplifyingareaincertaindistanceawayfromthetunnelcenter,andthedominantfrequenciesofthegroundvibrationconcentrateinacertainrange.Buildingslocatedinthatareawiththeirnaturalfrequenciesfallinginthespecificfrequencyrangewillbesensitivetothegroundvibrationsinducedbymetrotrains.Keywords:Metrotrain;tunnel;track;dynamicinteraction;vibration;ground;environment.1.IntroductionWiththegrowingconcentrationofpopulationinmetropolitanareas,theinfluenceoftrain-inducedvibrationsontheenvironmenthasreceivedgreatattentionfromtheresidents,andisnowregardedasoneofthesevenmainenvironmentalprob-lemsintheworld.Inrecentyears,therequirementofconsideringtheenvironmentalinfluenceinplanninganddesigningtrafficsystemshasbecomeanessentialissue.Inthepast,thecitiesweresmallandthebuildingswererelativelysparse,thustraffic-inducedvibrationwasnotconsideredasaseriousenvironmentalproblem.Whileatpresent,withtherapidgrowthofmodernlargecities,themetrolines,urbanrail-waysandelevatedtrafficroadshavegraduallyformedamulti-dimensionaltrafficsystem,extendingandintrudingfromtheunderground,groundandoverheadintothecrowdedresidentialareas,commercialcentersandevenculturalandhigh-techresearchzones.1,2Atthesametime,thetrafficflowsaregettingmoreintense,trafficloadsbecomingheavier,andtrafficvehiclesrunningfaster.Thesecausetheinflu-encesoftraffic-inducedvibrationsontheenvironmenttobemoreandmoreserious151March8,200721:35WSPC/165-IJSSD00220152H.Xia,Y.M.Cao&N.Zhangthanever.Accordingtotheinvestigationsconductedbyorganizationsofseveralcountries,traffic-inducedenvironmentalvibrationreceivesnearlythemostpubliccomplaints,secondonlytothosefromfactoriesandconstructionsites.2Infact,thefactoriescanbebuiltormovedawayfromtheresidentialareas,andthevibrationsofconstructionsitesoccuronlyduringtheperiodofconstruction.However,traffic-inducedvibrationsoftenoccuraroundthemostbusyareasofthecity,dayandnight,andthushavelong-terminfluencesontheresidentsorpeopleworkingthere,whichcanhardlybeavoided.Ontheotherhand,withtheraiseoflivingstandard,therequirementofthepeo-pleontheenvironmentalqualityisgettingstricter.Theenvironmentalvibrationsthathavebeentoleratedinthepastareincreasinglyregardedasanuisancethesedays.Therefore,theinfluencesoftraffic-inducedvibrationsonthelivingandwork-ingenvironmentsofpeoplehavearousedtheattentionofthecityadministratorsandresearchers3–5andnumerousinvestigationshavebeenconducted.6–22Yang,HungandChang6establisheda2.5Dfinite/infiniteelementmodeltoconsidertheload-movingeffectofthetraininthedirectionnormaltothetwo-dimensionalprofileofthesoil,bywhichtheyobtainedthree-dimensionalresponsesforthesoilsusingplaneelements,andstudiedthetransmissibilityofsoilsforvibrationsinducedbytrainsmovingatdifferentspeeds.JuandLin7adoptedthethree-dimensionalfiniteelementmethodtosimulatethesoilvibrationsunderthetrainspeedbelowandovertheRayleighspeedofthesurroundingsoil,andstudiedtwovibrationisolationschemesincludingthesoilimprovementaroundtherailwayandtheconcreteslabconstructedbetweentherailsandsoil.Inaddition,Yoshioka,8Krylov,9DegrandeandLombaert,10Madshus,KayniaandBessason,11,12Yang,13andTakemiya14studiedthegroundvibrationsinducedbyhigh-speedtrainsthroughtheoreticalanalysis,numericalsimulationsandfieldexperimentsrespectively.Thecharacter-isticsoftraffic-inducedvibrations,suchastheintensity,frequency,duration,dis-tancebetweenthevibrationsourceandthereceivers,theireffectsontheroutinelifeandthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthoftheresidents,theirinfluencesonthenormaloperationofpreciseinstrumentsandmanufactureofhigh-techprod-ucts,andtheirdamagestobuildingstructures,etc.werestudiedbytheabove-mentionedresearchersandsomeothersincludingHanazato,15Jones,16andXiaandCao.1,17,18Inmetrosystems,thevibrationsinducedbythetrainrunningunderneathorclosetobuildingsmaybecomeconsiderablyperceptible.TherehavebeenseveralreportsaboutthepubliccomplaintsagainstthisprobleminBeijingandsomeothercities.1,2,19–22AdoublerailwaytunnelisbuiltunderneaththecityofAntwerpintheEuropeanHigh-SpeedTrainNetwork,wherethenearestdistancebetweenthefoundationsofthehousesandthetopofthetunnelisonly4m.Schillemans19studiedtheprojectedvibrationlevelsontherail,thetunnelinvert,buildingfoun-dationsandupperfloorsofthebuildingsnearthistunnel,andthecontrolmeasuresforreducingtheimpactofsoundand