环境中二噁英的浓度水平及其控制技术

282Vol.28No.220066JournalofEarthSciencesandEnvironmentJun.2006[]2005-08-30[](G1999043606)[](1978-),,,,。(,710054),、,:10,。、。,。,、,,。;;;X592A1672-6561(2006)02-0084-05DioxinsConcentrationinEnvironmentandItsControlTechnologyDUANLei,YANGSheng-ke,WANGWen-ke,FENGXiu-fang(SchoolofEnvironmentalSciencesandEngineering,Chang’anUniversity,Xi’an710054,Shaanxi,China)Abstract:Thispaperrepresentsthepollutionconcentrationlevel,pollutionoriginandpathsofdioxinsaccordingtoitspresentstatus.Itisfoundthatthepollutionconcentrationlevelstillexceedsthecheckoutstandard;thechiefpollutionsourceispulpandpaper,bleachingbesidesincinerationofgarbage;andthatthedioxinscaninducethegeneandchromosometovary.Thepaperalsodiscussesthecontroltechnologyofpollutionandofferssomecontrolmeasuresaccordingtothedioxins’originandformation,whichconsistsofthreestages:preprocessing,processcontrol,andfinalprocessing.Keywords:dioxins;concentrationlevel;controltechnology;controlmeasure0(Dioxins)、、,,。UNEP12POPs,,PCDDsPCDFs,,。,。,。、。7,[1]。,20,,。1998(1～4)×10-6mg。1999,,。,。,10,。11.1,,。,、、,、,。、,。TCDD1.43×10-8g/m3,1kgTCDD0.5×10-9～2.5×10-7g,2、3、7、8TCDDPCDD5%[1]。Watanabe1998,1641105[2]。Schuhmacher19961997HRGC/HRMS24PCDDsPCDFs,2415[3]。(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ47.2ng,EPA[4]。、,,。Engwall,[5]。Rappe,8PCDDsPCDFs,73pg/g370pg/g2、3、7、8TCDD[6]。Domingo,PCDD/Fs,,、、、、,(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ117pg/d,[7]。,PCDDs1.16×105pg/g,PCDFs4.22×103pg/g,ITEQ(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ273.6pg/g[8]。,(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ1090ng/kg,[9]。,,。Hooper199764(41),TCDD(208pg/g)[10]。GladenKyivDni-prodzerzhinsk200,7PCDDs10PCDFs,ITEQ,PCDDs5.1～7.6pg/g,PCDFs3.6～5.2pg/g[11]。33(2),(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ0.17pg/g,[12]。1.2,、、,85%[7],[13]。,,、。5、、,(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ34～44pg/g,[14]。PCDDsPCDFs,(PCDD/Fs)I-TEQ20g[15]。,3:(1),。(2),、,。,,。(3),582,:,、、,,、、。,,,、。,,。,20,110%[16]。,,,,。1.32050,,[17]。,、、,,7。,,,、、。,Huff2、3、7、8TCDD、、、[18]。1968、、,、、、。2～3,、,[19]。EPA1994,、、、,;,、、;,[20]。Pokrovskii2、3、7、8TCDD---HIV1,HIV1,10-9mol/LTCDDHIV1MT4,3～6,4～8,[21]。,(HepG2)P53P38MAPK,(SPCA1)P38MAPK[22]。2,,、。,,,3。2.1,,、、,,,。、。,,,。、,[16]。2.2。,、。,HClCl2。,。。,,。、,,CaO600℃～800℃60%～80%HClCaCl2[23]。68282.3,。,:(1),,,HCl、SO2、。(2)。(3),,[24]。。,0.3%,4[23]。,,,,98.6%。Ski-modaira250℃,O3、,,。、。,,,190%[25]。,,CCl4C-O,[26];,PCDDs5min[27]。33.1,,。,,。,,。,,、、。,,。3.2(1),,。,,、。(2),,。(3),、、。(4)、,,。(5),、。,,。3.3、,、,,,,。,,,,、、,。3.4,,,,,。、,,,、、,。782,:[][1],,,.---[M].:,1990.[2]WatanaB,KitamuraK,NagahashiM.EffectsofDioxinsonHumanHealth:aReview[J].JEpidemiol,1999,9(1):113.[3]SchuhmacherM,DomingoJL,LlobtJM,etal.TemporalVariationofPCDD/FConcentrationsinVegetationSamplesCol-lectedintheVicinityofaMunicipalWasteIncinerator(1996-1997)[J].Sci-Total-Environ,1998,218(2/3):175183.[4],,.[J].,1996,17(1):6871.[5]EngwallM,BrunstromB,NafC,etal.LevelsofDioxinLikeCompoundsinSewageSludgeDeterminedwithaBioas-sayonETODInductioninChickenEmbryoLiverCultures[J].Chmosphere,1999,38(10):23272343.[6]RappeC,BergekS,FiedlerH,etal.PCDDandPCDFCon-taminationinCatfishFeedfromArkansas,USA[J].Chem-osphere,1998,36(3):27052720.[7]DomingoJL,SchuhmacherM,GraneroS,etal.PCDDsandPCDFsinFoodSamplesfromCatalonia,Spain:AnAs-sessmentofDietaryIntake[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(15):35173528.[8]ZhengMH,BaoZC,WangKO,etal.PolychlorinatedDibenzo-P-DioxinsandDibenzofuransinLakeSedimentsfromChineseSchistosomiasisAreas[J].BullEnvironCont-amToxicol,1997(59):653656.[9].EROD[J].,1996,16(4):279284.[10]Hooper,ChuvakovaT,KazbekvoaG,etal.AnalysisofBreastMilktoAssessExposuretoChlorinatedContaminatsinKazakhstan:Sourceof2,3,7,8-TCDDExposuresinAgricultureRegionofSouthernKazakhstan[J].Environ-Health-Perspect,1999,107(6):447457.[11]GladenBC,SchecterAJ,PapkeO,etal.PolychlorinatedDibenzop-Dioxins,Poly-ChlorinatedDibenzofuransandCo-planarPolychlooRinatedBiphEnylsinBreastMilkTwoCit-iesinVkraine[J].JToxicolEnvironHealth,1999,58(3):119127.[12]ZhengMH,YangLC,ZhangB.PolychlorinatedDibenzo-P-DioxinsandDibenzofuransinBreastMilkfromChineseSchistosomiasisAreas[J].BullEnvironContamToxicol,2003(70):189192.[13]JohnsonJ.IncineratorsTargetedbyEPA[J].EnvironSciTechnol,1994(29):33A35A.[14]ZhengMH,BaoZC,WangKO,etal.LevelsofPCDDsandPCDFsintheBleachedPulpfromChinesePulpandPaperIndus-try[J].BullEnvironContamToxicol,1997(59):9093.[15]ZhangQH,XuY,WuWZ,etal.PCDDsandPCDFsintheWastewaterfromChinesePulpandPaperIndustry[J].BullEnvironContamToxicol,2000(64):368371.[16],,.[J].,2000(1):4244.[17],,,.[J].,2004,19(2):176180.[18]HuffJ.DioxinsandMammalianCarcinogenesis[C]//Schect-er.DioxinsHealth.NewYork,1994.[19],,,.、[J].,2003,23(4):5055.[20]USEPAofficeofHealthandEnvironmentalAssessment.OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,HealthAsssessmentalDocumentfor2,3,7,8-TCDDandRelatedCompounds,vol.,:ExtemalReviewDraft[R].Washington:USGov-ernmentPrintingOffice,1994.[21]PokrouskiiAG.Tsyrlovib.2,3,7,8TCDDinasPossi-bleActivatorofHIV-I-infection:I(Toxical,Environ,Food,Exposurere-Risk)[J].OrganohalogenCompd,1990:203206.[22],,,.HepG2SPC-A1P53P38MAPK[J].,2005,22(1):810.[23],,,.[J].,2000(4):813.[24],,,.[J].,2003(1):2021.[25].[J].,2002,15(2):5153.[26]ZhengMH,BaoZC,XuXB,etal.MechanismofPhoto-degralationofPolychlorinatedDibenzo-P-DioxinsinCarbonTetrachloride[J].Chemosphere,1996,32:6