酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准编制说明

附件三:酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准编制说明（征求意见稿）《酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准》编制组2008年3月目录1编制《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》的必要性··················11.1课题来源········································································································································11.2我国酚醛树脂生产状况···············································································································11.3编制《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》的必要性·······································································32《酚醛树脂工业污染物排放标准》的编制原则和总体思路·············32.1编制原则········································································································································32.2总体思路········································································································································43酚醛树脂生产方法及水污染物控制情况·····················43.1酚醛树脂生产方法·······················································································································43.2酚醛树脂生产废水中的污染物种类····························································································63.3酚醛树脂生产中水污染物排放情况···························································································64国、内外酚醛树脂生产和水污染物控制情况···················84.1国外酚醛树脂生产和水污染物控制情况···················································································84.2国内酚醛树脂生产和水污染物控制情况···················································································95《酚醛树脂工业污染物排放标准》主要技术内容和指标的确定··········125.1适用范围······································································································································125.2术语和定义··································································································································135.3标准组成······································································································································135.4水污染物排放标准限值的确定·································································································135.5水污染物排放浓度限值的先进性分析·····················································································155.6监测方法······································································································································156《酚醛树脂工业污染物排放标准》达标分析和环境效益分析···········156.1达标分析······································································································································166.2环境效益分析······························································································································161《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》编制说明1编制《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》的必要性1.1课题来源《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》是国家环保总局对污染物排放标准体系进行战略调整的内容之一。2003年国家环保总局在全国范围内公开征集环境标准项目（第一批）编制单位，中国石油化工勘查设计协会申报后，通过评审。国家环保总局下发《关于公布2003年度环境标准编制单位名单的通知》（环办函[2003]508号）。《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》由中国石油化工勘查设计协会牵头，中国天辰化学工程公司、中蓝连海设计研究院等单位参与制订。1.2我国酚醛树脂生产状况由酚类化合物与醛类化合物缩合而成的树脂称为酚醛树脂，其中以苯酚与甲醛缩合而制得的酚醛树脂最为重要。当前，世界酚醛树脂工业以美国和日本的酚醛树脂工业发展最为迅速，无论是现代化建设，还是开拓新的应用领域，始终走在酚醛树脂工业的最前列，主导着世界酚醛树脂及其塑料工业的潮流。我国于1946年由上海塑料厂开始小批量生产酚醛树脂，上世纪50年代后期酚醛树脂生产在国内得到了普遍的发展，至上世纪80年代开始我国酚醛树脂生产进入了发展快速阶段，生产企业遍布全国各地，时至今日，我国酚醛树脂生产的历史已有60多年的历史。我国酚醛树脂生产企业以中、小型企业为主，其特点是：生产规模小、产品质量较低、生产成本高、物耗能耗大、环境污染比较严重，一般只能生产通用级的酚醛树脂，高端和尖端的酚醛树脂产品还有待大力发展。因此，调整产品结构、扩大企业规模，是我国酚醛树脂工业今后的发展方向。据不完全统计，目前我国酚醛树脂生产厂家数以百计，分布在除西藏、宁夏、贵州以外的全国各地区，形成规模生产的酚醛树脂企业集中分布在华东地区，其中产量较大的企业则集中分布在江苏、浙江、福建、上海四省市，详见表1。表1我国主要的大型酚醛树脂生产企业一览表企业名称生产规模（万t/a）产品种类江苏溧阳南渡热固性塑料厂1.0通用级酚醛树脂2常熟东南塑料有限公司2.0通用级酚醛树脂上海双树塑料厂1.0通用级酚醛树脂上海欧亚合成材料厂1.5通用级酚醛树脂江苏力强集团公司2.0通用级酚醛树脂溧阳市酚醛塑料厂2.0通用级酚醛树脂福建省建瓯市华立化工有限公司1.0通用级酚醛树脂浙江嘉民塑料有限公司2.0通用级酚醛树脂福建省沙县宏光化工有限公司2.0通用级酚醛树脂浙江嘉兴嘉化（集团）有限责任公司1.0通用级酚醛树脂需要特别提及的是：日本住友电木苏州分厂于2002年建成投产，日本松下电工电子材料上海分公司于2003年建成投产，这两家企业均可生产高性能、高附加值的酚醛树脂工程材料。据统计，近年来我国酚醛树脂年均消费增长率为3～5%，最大的消费领域为酚醛模塑料（所占比例为58%），其次为酚醛涂料（所占比例为27%）。酚醛树脂是最早被发现并最先实现工业化生产的合成树脂品种，由于它原料易得，合成方便，加之固化后的性能可以满足多方面的使用要求，因此，酚醛树脂在工业上得到了广泛的应用。20世纪40年代之后，酚醛树脂的合成方法进一步成熟并多元化，出现了许多改性的酚醛树脂，其综合性能不断提高，被广泛用于胶合板、绝缘材料、层压制品、铸造品、纤维、模塑制品、摩擦材料、涂料、胶粘剂等众多领域。酚醛树脂具有价格低廉、耐热、耐烧蚀、阻燃、燃烧发烟少等特点，是制造烧蚀材料和木材胶粘剂的主要原料，在此领域目前尚无其它树脂可以与之竞争；此外，酚醛树脂也是制造阻燃材料和阻燃涂料的主要原料，在此领域酚醛树脂有着独特的优势。酚醛树脂虽然是最古老的人工合成树脂，但在全球范围内，迄今为止其生产量仍在逐年增加，应用范围还在不断扩大。酚醛树脂今后的发展方向是：改变酚醛树脂的结构，与其它高聚物共混，形成半互穿网络结构，实现高性能化（如可挠性、耐热性、阻燃性等）和高附加值，不断提高其功能化和精细化的程度。通常，若使用酸性催化剂，使反应介质的pH＜3，且酚与醛的摩尔比大于1，则可制得热塑性酚醛树脂产品；若使用碱性催化剂，使反应介质的pH＞7，且酚与醛的摩尔比小于1，则可制得热固性酚醛树脂产品。31.3编制《酚醛工业水污染物排放标准》的必要性1.3.1促进我国酚醛树脂工业发展的需要目前我国酚醛树脂行业废水排放标准执行现行的《综合污水排放标准》，针对性很差，不能真实反映我国酚醛树脂工业水污染物的特殊性，尤其是不能反映酚醛树脂工业水污染物的排放总量问题，因此，制定一部符合我国国情的《酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准》，有利于提高我国酚醛树脂工业的整体环境保护水平，对实现我国酚醛树脂工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。制定《酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准》还将促进我国环酚醛脂工业的技术水平、污染控制水平和清洁生产水平提高到一个新的高度，同时，也为各级环境保护管理部门和酚醛树脂企业自身的环境管理提供重要的管理手段。《酚醛树脂工业水污染物排放标准》是依据我国酚醛树脂企业的生产工艺和水污染物排放特点，以及目前已经达到的（或经过努力可以达到的）水污染治理水平而制订的，因此，该标准对我国酚醛树脂工业生产技术和污染控制技术的进步将起到积极的推动作用和促进作用。1.3.2控制酚醛树脂工业废水污染的必然要求目前，我国酚醛树脂工业普遍存在废水处理不达标的问题，据估算，我国酚醛树脂工业每年排放的生产废水约有数百万吨，废水中酚、醛、醇等有机污染物浓度很高。几十年来，经过国内有关科研院所和酚醛树脂企业的不懈努力，我国绝大多数酚醛树脂企业已经建成了废水生化处理装置，但是，由于技术和管理两方面的原因，许多装置尚不能实现长期、稳定运转。因此，根据我国环境保护相关法律和法规的要求，参照国内、外酚醛树脂企业控制废水污染的先进技术，编制符合我国国情和酚醛树脂行业特点、反映酚醛树脂行业生产实际和技术进步的现实情况以及水污染防治水平，并具有一定超前性和先进性，在技术经济上合理的水污染物排放标准是十分必要的。2《酚醛树脂