重新审视_环境决定论_人文类型_所给予的启示

253()Vol.25,No.320069JournalofXinjiangNormalUniversitySep.2006(NaturalSciencesEdition)(,830054)a:,,,,:,:;;:P951:A:1008296592(2006)203204262061,:,,,(RaymondFirth),,1944,,20022,101,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6);(7),:,,,,:,,,a[]2006-2-27[](1981-),,,,,()(),[1](PP.24)2,(1936)(WilliamRaymondFirth,19012002),,,1927;19281929,19301932;,1938,;1944,1949,19531955,1975:(1929):(1936)(1938)(1939)(1946)(1957)(1961)(1964)(1964)(1970)(1973),,,[2](P.150)[3](P.149)3,,,,(:1983),[1](P.4)Ifraceisnotthedeterminantofhumanbehaviour,wheremustwelookforanexplanation?Oneschoolofopinion,withalonghistory,wouldholdthatdifferencesinhumanwaysareprimarilydueto,orlinkedwithdifferencesinthenaturalenvironment.InvariousagesHippocrates,Thucydides,Bodin,Montesquieu,Ratzel,andHuntingtonhaveallheldinoneformoranotherthatthephysicalqualitiesofaregion,inparticularclimaticconditions,haveworkedtoshapepeople’sappearanceandlives,andtoeliminatethosewhodonotconfirmtothelimitsset.Thephrase,thesovereigninfluenceofenvironment,hassummeduptheessenceofthisviewpoint.[4](P.47):,,,,,[5](P.31),,,,,;,,,,[6](P.294)7243,[7](P.1)3.1(Hippocrates)(humourtheory)[8](P.80-115),(balance),,[9](P.130),:,,3.2,,,,,,,,[9](P.130),,,3.3(BarondeMontesquieu,16891755)18,,,(1721)(1734)(1748):,[2](P.67),,:,:[10](P.305),,,;;;,;[10](P.305,P311315),,,L,,(passive),,,[9](P.130),,(,)[7](P.2),,;,;;,?,,,3.4(HenryHome,16961782)18,,(1751)(1774),,,824()2006[2](P.89)3.5(W.Robertson,17211793),(1777),,[2](P.10)1844,[2](P.14),,[2](P.19):,,,[2](P.22),,,(Clifford)1920,,,,,,,3.6K.(K.Ritter)K.(K.Ritter)1919,2020,:,,,,;[11](P.142)3.7(F.Ratzel)(F.Ratzel),,,[13](P.24),,,,,,[12](P.31):,,[9](P.131)3.8(E.Huntinton),,,[14](E.Huntinton),20,(1945),,,,:,,,,[15](P.5)3.9,,,,9243,,[16](P.25),4,,(J.H.Steward):,[6](P.295),:,,,,,:,,(KayMilton):,,,[17](P.295),?:[1].[M]1:,2002[2].:[M]1:,1997[3],.(3)[M]1:,2004[4]RaymondFirth.Humantypes[M]1GreatBritainbyHazellWatsonVineyLtd.Aylesbury,Bucks.1970[5](),.[M]1:,2001[6].[M]1:,1972[7]().[M]1,:,2002[8]C.Glacken:TracesonTheRhodianShore,Berkely,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1967[9].[M]1:,2003[10].()[M]11,:,1982[11].[M]1:,2004[12].[M]1:,1998[13].[M]1:,1989[14]E.Huntington:CivilizationandClimate.NewHaver,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress,1915[15].[D],,2004[16]EmilioF.Moran:HumanAdaptability:AnIntroductiontoEcologicalAnthropology[M],Boulder,WestviewPress,1982[17].:,[J]1,1998(4)..[M]1:,2000[18].:[M]1:,2002034()2006ExaminetheEnvironmentDecisiontheEnlightenmentofHumanTypeLIUMing(TheInstituteofSocio-culturalAnthropology,XinjiangNormalUniversity,UrumqiXinjiang830054)Abstract:Thenaturalenvironmentbehavesacountingonforculturalcreationprovidingmovablestage,tomankindlifehavingimportantmeaning,particularlyishumansocialearlierperioddevelopingstagetonaturalenvironmentdoesn’ttalkclearly.Theanthropologistinvestigatesthesimplereasonthatculturecharacteristicgeographydistributewiththegeographer,consistingintheenvironmentdeterministicexplainmodeisakindofsimplemethodthatlargequantitytobaseonworldadventurebutcollectstherelevanthumandifferencematerialproceedstheclassificationreachesagreementtorelease.Articleisfromthetheoriesoftheearlierperiodthescholarstartsproceedingmakingtrackforsayingwithlookback,thinking:Ifwillemphasizeorthescholaroftheoutstandingclimaticfunctioncategorizesforenvironmentdecisiontheory,thiskindofextendthedissertationmethodthatweatheroutsidepostponecan’testablish.Keywords:Humanetypes;Environmentdecisiontheory;Enlighten(425)TheApplicationoftheE-governmentintheInformationManagementofGraduateEducationWUYan(SchoolofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences,XinJinagNormalUniversity,UrumqiXinJiang830054)Abstract:ThearticlethatoffertostateofinformatizationofgraduateeducationincurrentChinaexplainsimportantfunctionoftheE-governmentdevelopmentontheeducationinformatizationindetail,combiningtheapplicationoftheE-governmentintheinformationmanagementofgraduateeducation,andofferthesuggestionsandconcretemeasuresofimprovinginformationmanagementofgraduateeducation.Keywords:E-government;Educationinformatization;WorkflowEngine;Aiddecision;Circulationofofficialdocument1343