工作应激与工作绩效倒U模型的解析

200242002517UAnAnalysisoftheInvertedU-ShapedModelbetweenJobStressandJobPerformanceB84UJobStressJobPerformanceInvertedU-ShapedModelUUUUUUUUItisthecomingofknowledge-economyandinformationtimesthatmakessocietyandliferhythmquicken.Asaresultofhighrequirementoftechnologyandrapidchangesoflife,manypeopleexperienceunacceptablestress.Itmaycomefrompersonallife,orworkincidents.Stresswhichissuitablecanengenderpositiveeffectsarousingpeopletoreachaims,butsometimesexcessivestresswillbringseriousproblemsforhumanbeings'physicalandmentalhealthaswellasjobperformance.Therefore,inthefieldofmanagementpsychology,itisessentialtostudyanddiscusstherelationshipbetweenjobstressandjobperformance.Accordingtothisresearch,wecanmoreclearlyrecognizethatjobstressbringsvariousproblemsforpersonalmindandbehavioraswellasenterprisedevelopment,andthenanticipate,guideandcontrolhumanbeings’behavior.Asaresultoftheperson-environmentinteraction,itisnecessarythatindividualfactorsandenvironmentalonesaffectjobstress.Thisarticlehassystematicallyelaboratedbiographystresstheory,psychologystresstheoryandsocietystresstheory.Onthebasisofthesetheories,theauthorstudiesandanalysestherelationshipbetweenjobstressandjobperformance.Then,theauthoranalysestheconditionsandthecauseswhichindividualperformancevariesunderdifferentstresslevels.Itistheanalysis,whichisaverysignificantinspirationfororganizationandindividual,sothattheycanrationallytakeadvantagesofresources.Inviewoftheirownresearches,stressresearchersdefinitestresseitherfornervouseventsandenvironmentstimulus,forakindofresultandreactionstate,orforakindofmiddlestate.Thoughtheimplicationofstresshasn'tbeenintegrallydescribed,thesescholars'researches,whichareinprogressfromdifferentangles,provideapossibilityforustostudycomprehensivelyanddefinetheconceptionofjobstress.InthelightofLazarus'cognitiveinteractiontheory,thisarticledefinitestressinorganizations:itisacoursethatstaffsinorganizationscognizeandappraiseofthestressorwhichthreatensindividualaimscontinually,andthenformaseriesofphysical,mindandbehaviorreactions.Thewholecourseiscalledjobstress.Underthearousedstate,staffs'abilityacceptedwillinfluencetheirlaborachievementsandcontributionsinworkenvironments.Andtheachievementisthatjobperformancestaffsgetinlaborexperiences.Afterhavingexperimentedandresearchedontherelationsofjobstressandjobperformance,Yerkes&Dodsonproposed:underthejobstressstate,staffs’stresslevelandtheirjobperformancehadcometoaninvertedU-shapedmodel.Whatthismeansisthatasarousalincreases,performanceinitiallyimproves.Afterthisinitialimprovement,performancewillincreasetoanoptimallevelandthendeteriorateasarousalbecomestoogreat.Themodelexplainsthatonlyunderoptimallevel,jobperformancebecomesthehighest,andunderoverloworovermuchstresscircumstances,itwilldecline.Afterrecognizingtherelationshipbetweenjobstressandjobperformance,thisarticletrieshardtostudyandanalyzetheconditionsandthecauses,whichformandleadtotheinvertedU-shapedcurvevary.Onthebasisoftheabovestresstheories,itisverifiedthatstressorisapremiseconditionofmakingjobstress.Weknowthatjobperformanceexistsasaresultwhichstaffs’activitydisplaysinworking.Underthejobstressstate,becauseofbeingimpactedbystresslevel,staffs’abilitycan’tmatchtherequirementofjobwell,andthatwillultimatelyleadtotheirperformancedecline.Thus,fromthispointofview,thestressoristhepremiseconditionofformingtheinvertedU-shapedrelations.AccordingtoLazarus’cognitiveview,jobstressisn’tworksituationitselfdetermination,andnotthedirectresultofstimulus,buttheoutcomeofindividualcognitiveappraisaltostresssituationsorevents.Itisthusclearthatcognitiveappraisalisthefundamentalcauseofformingjobstress.Inorganizations,thedegreeofstaffs’cognitiveappraisalofstressorisinfluencedbytheirabilities.Conversely,anyindividualcognitiveappraisalwillrestricthisworkingability,andfinallyaffectshisperformance.Forthisreason,themostbasiccauseofformingtheinvertedU-shapedmodeliscognitiveappraisal.Butinfact,itactsontheinvertedU-shapedmodelthroughstressreaction.InaccordancewithSelye'sbiographystresstheoryandSchuler'ssyntheticallyinterplaymodel,wefindoutthefactthatphysical,mindandbehaviorreactionsofstaffsoneanotherareaffecting.Selyeconsidered,underthestressstate,nonspecialresponseofindividualphysicalresponseduringalert,resistanceandexhaustion,whichmaybeprovidedmorephysicalenergyfororganism,atthesametimeitcouldalsomakeorganismexhaustedduetointenseandlastingstimulus.Theincreaseofphysicalenergyishelpfulforindividualindoingpositivestressreaction,butiflackofphysicalenergy,individualresponsebecomesnegative.Thesedespondenciesastheresultofjobstress,directlydeterminedegreeandeffectofstaffworkingjobperformance..Consequently,asanimmediatecause,jobstressreactionimpactstheformationoftheinvertedU-shapedmodel.Fortheabove-mentionedanalysis,weknowthatjobstresswhichstaffsundergohaspositiveandnegativeeffectsontheirbodyandmindhealthaswellasjobperformance.Asfororganizationandindividual,howtorelievestressdisadvantageouseffectisstillaproblem.Inviewoftheanalysis,theauthorbelievesthattheinspirationliesinthefollowing