PLMForManagingRecyclability-Duta-UofM

UsingPLMformanagingsubstanceregulationsandmeetingrecyclabilitytargetsDr.DebaDuttaProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringDirector,PLMAllianceUniversityofMichigan,AnnArborFrequentlyinthenews…“Over130,000PCsarereplacedeverydayinAmericaalone,andonlyatenthorsoarerecycled…”-RecyclingoldcomputersTheEconomist(27thJan2005)“(EPA)officials…weremovingtoimposestricterrequirementsinthe1991leadandcopperregulationsstartingnextyear,becauseofproblemswithleadindrinkingwaterinWashington,D.C.”-AmovetowardsstricterleadmonitoringTheNewYorkTimes(8thMar2005)Source:[White,et.al.]JournalofCleanerProductionLifecycleofaproductPresentationOverviewEmergenceofproductend-of-liferelatedregulationsTrendsandconcernsforindustryTheEOLresearchprojectAsystemsapproachwithinthePLMframeworkSomeinitialresultsSummaryEnvironmentalconcerns@EOLIncreasedwasteduetoabandonedproductsHazardous/toxicsubstances•FivepoundsofleadineveryCRTmonitor•30mgofHgineveryfluorescenttube(4ft)•HalogenatedflameretardantsinplasticsLostresourcesEst.lossofresourcesfromelectricalequipmentwasteinEuropein1988:•2.4milliontonnesofferrousmetal•1.2milliontonnesofplastic•652,000tonnesofcopperDatafrom12SamsungrecyclingcentersinKorea(www.samsung.com)Environmentalconcerns@EOLExpensiverecyclingordisposalNeedforspecialisedprocessesVarietyofproducts–noeconomiesofscaleHighcostsofsafedisposalDecreasinglandfillspaceStringentlegalrequirements-ExpensivetobuildsafelandfillsClose-downof“unsafe”landfillsNIMBY(notinmybackyard)ExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)Transferoffinancial(sometimesoperational)responsibilityofEOLtreatmenttoproducersTargetsforrecoveryandrecyclingBans/RestrictionsontheuseofhazardoussubstancesExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)LawsandRegulationsEurope–ELV,WEEE,RoHSUSA–RCRAJapan–SHARL,WasteTreatmentLawTaiwan–ResourceRecyclingandReuseAct,WasteDisposalActVoluntary/Co-regulatoryschemesAustralia&NZ-ProductStewardshipForOilProgram,NationalPackagingCovenantCanada–ABFluorescentBulbandComputerRecyclingProgramEPR–Whatisatstake?Bigmoney!CostsforcomplianceAmericanelectronicsindustryestimatesforWEEEcompliance-$140to$900millionEuropeanestimatesforcompliancewithELVDirective-€20to€150pervehiclePenaltiesfornon-complianceInDecember2001,Dutchofficialsseizedmorethan1.3millionimportedPlaystations-excesscadmiumintheconsole'scablesInTaiwan–Whatisatstake?TaiwanelectronicsindustryAnnualexportstoEU–US$8billion30thousandcompanies•5%WEEEcompliant•3%RoHScompliantDirectivescomeintoforcein2006Taiwanautocomponentsuppliersautomotiveignitionmodules,alternatorcomponents,voltageregulators,rectifiers,anddiodes,lamps,locks,switchesSupplytolocalindustry,China,after-partsinEurope/USEPR–trendsbyindustryElectronics/HomeAppliancesIndustryWEEE/RoHSdirectivesinforceMoreandmoreproductsbeingregulatedAerospaceIndustryMilitary/defenseexemptionsforWEEESafedisposalrequirementsapplicableCd/CrVIcoatings,recyclingofcompositesLongerlifecycles–planforfutureregulationsEPR–trendsbyindustryAutomobileIndustryELVincludesbansonsubstanceslistedinRoHSAllowancesforcertainusesofheavymetalsExistingregulationsonrecoveryofbatteries,tiresConsumerPackagedGoodsTargetsforrecoveryandincinerationofpackagingwasteTargetsforOEMstoreducepackagingwasteOEMresponsibilitiesEnsurecompliancetomaterial/substancebansandrestrictionsCollect,Organise,andReport-materialsandsubstanceinformationSupplyinformationaboutdismantlingproduct,isolationofhazardoussubstances,recycling,andsafedisposalofcomponentsforeachproductconfigurationtoATFsOEMresponsibilitiesEstablishpartnershipswithauthorisedtreatmentfacilities(ATFs)formanagingtreatmentresponsibilityoftheirEOLproductsObtain“certificateofdisposal”fromtheATFssupplierOEMRetailerconsumerAuthorisedtreatmentfacilityMaterialflow$$$$ManydifficultiesfacedbyOEMsUnclear/changingregulationsDifferentlimitsindifferentcountriesHowtominimisedelays/changecosts?Howtoensurecomplianceduringdesign?CollectinformationfromvariousvendorsManydifficultiesfacedbySuppliersConfusingregulationsandrestrictionsDifferentrequirementsfordifferentOEMsDifferentreportingrequirementsandformatsDesignchangesforchangingregulationsorrequirementsInsufficientopportunityforfeedbacktoOEMoroptimisationofproductStakeholdersintheEOLactivitiesStakeholdersInterests/ConcernsOEMsComplianceinpartsandproductEaseofvalidationandreporting/certificationProfitabilityofproductionandEOLoperationsSuppliersClarityofspecificationsandrequirementsFlexibility/opportunitytooptimisepartATFsClearEOLtreatmentstrategyandinstructionsEaseofEOLoperationsandreportingStakeholdersintheEOLactivitiesStakeholdersInterestsConsumersQualityandpriceofproductEaseofdisposalMinimisationofpollutionGovernmentsEnforcementofregulationsProtectionofenvironmentReductioninmunicipalcostsofhandlingwasteProtectionoflocalindustry/economyTheEOLProjectTodevelopacoherentstrategytosuitablysatisfythedisparateconcernsofallthestakeholderswithregardstowastegeneratedbyEOLproducts,inasustained,continuousmanner.RequiresasystemsapproachOperationscycleDevelopmentcycleRegulatorycycleRegulatoryCycleStudiestofindmatl.flowsinproducts&possibilityofreco