汽机培训教材12(运行)01

苏丹喀北电站汽机资料汽轮机运行turbineoperation1.机组的启动1.STARTUPOFTURBINE1.1汽轮机组在下列情况时禁止启动a）危急保安器动作不正常，高压自动主汽门、调节汽门、抽汽逆止门卡涩或不能关严时；b）汽轮发电机组转动部分有明显的摩擦声；机内有明显的金属声。c）调速系统不能维持汽轮机空负荷运行，或机组甩负荷后不能维持转速在危急保安器动作转速以下；d）主轴晃动值相对于原始值大于0.02mm（转子温度均匀状态允许的原始晃动值不大于0.05mm）e）辅助油泵，顶轴系统及盘车装置失常时；1.1Forbiddenstartupscopeofturbinea)Whenemergencygovernoractsabnormally,HPautomaticmainstopvalve,governingvalveorbleedsteamcheckvalvehasblockageorcannotbeclosedfully;b)Thereisobviousfrictionsoundinrotarypartofturbo-generatorunit;thereisobviousmetalcollisionsound.c)Speedgoverningsystemcannotmaintainno-loadoperationofturbine,orafterunitrejectsload,itcannotmaintainrotaryspeedbelowtheactionspeedofemergencygovernor:d)vibrationvalueofmainshaftis0.02mmbiggerthanoriginalvalue(theoriginalvibrationvalueinevenstateofrotortemperatureisnobigthan0.05mm);e)Whenauxiliaryoilpump,jackingoilsystemandturninggeardeviceareabnormal;苏丹喀北电站汽机资料f）抗燃油或透平油油质不合格，油温低于正常（油系统充满油后）；g）保温不完整；h）主要仪表（如轴向位移，相对膨胀，转速表及重要金属温度表，主蒸汽压力和温度表等）失灵时；i）汽缸调节级区域上下缸温度超过50℃；k)汽轮机真空不能保持0.067MPa时。f)EHoilorturbineoilisnotqualified,andoiltemperatureisabnormal(afteroilsystemisfullofoil);g)Insulationisnotcomplete;h)Maininstruments(suchasaxialdisplacement,relativeexpansion,tachometerandimportantmetalthermometer,mainsteampressurecondenservacuummeterandthermometer)hasfailure;i)Theupperandthelowercasingstemperatureofturbinegoverningstageareaexceeds50℃.j)Vacuumofturbinecannotkeepat0.067MPa.苏丹喀北电站汽机资料1.2启动前的准备工作1.2Preparationbeforeturbinestartup:a）检查油系统，油箱、油管道、冷油器不漏油，油箱油位正常，油箱和冷油器放油门关严，冷油器进、出口油门处于开启位置，交流、直流电动润滑油泵入口门开启，出口门开启；b）电动主闸门及其旁路门处于关闭位置；c）自动主汽门、调速汽门处于关闭位置；d）管道和汽缸本体疏水阀处于开启位置；e）各抽汽管道逆止门处于关闭位置；a)Checkwhetheroilsystem,oiltank,oilpipesandoilcoolerleak,oillevelisnormal,outletvalveofoiltankandoilcoolerclosestightly,inletandoutletoilvalveofoilcoolerisinopenposition,inletvalveandoutletvalveofACandDCelectriclubeoilpumpareopen.b)Electricmainstopvalveandotherbypassvalvesareinclosedposition;c)Automainstopvalveandspeedgoverningvalveareinclosedposition;d)Drainvalvesofpipeandcasingproperareinopenposition;e)Eachbleedsteampipecheckvalveisinclosedposition;苏丹喀北电站汽机资料f）轴承进油温度不低于35℃；g）抗燃油源各阀门状态正确，油温升至20℃以上，抗燃油系统压力调至14MPa。f)Inletoiltemperatureofbearingisnolessthan35℃；g)Valvesoffire-proofoilsourceareinrightstate,oiltemperaturerisesabove20℃,andthefire-proofoilsystempressureisadjustedto14MPa.苏丹喀北电站汽机资料1.3锅炉点火前的操作a）投入发电机冷却系统；b）启动排烟装置；c）启动交流润滑油泵，使润滑油系统开始循环；d）油循环进行10min后，启动高压油泵；e）按顶轴装置说明书投入顶轴装置。检查各轴承顶轴油压正常，然后投盘车装置，测量大轴晃动度，倾听机组内部声音；f）油系统的结构和参数检查必须严格，否则要造成严重事故；1.3Preparationbeforeboilerignition:a)Putgeneratorcoolingsystemintooperation;b)Startupsmokeventingdevice;c)StartupAClubeoilpumptomakelubeoilsystembegantocirculate;d)Afteroilcirculationismaintainedfor10minutes,startupHPoilpump;e)Startupjackingoilpump.Checkwhetherjackingoilpressureofeachbearingisnormal,andthenputturninggearintooperation,measureshakingdegreeofmainshaftandlistentoinnerpartofunit;f)Strictlycheckstructureandparametersofoilsystem,oritmaycauseseriousaccident;苏丹喀北电站汽机资料g）检查保护系统正常；h）启动一台凝结水泵，开启再循环门；i）启动水环真空泵抽真空；j）冷凝器压力抽至75KPa(a)时，锅炉点火。g)Checkwhetherprotectingsystemisnormal;h)Startuponecondensatepumpandopenrecirculationvalve;i)Startupwaterringtypevacuumpumptovacuate;j)Whenthepressureincondenseris75KPa(a),igniteboiler.1.4锅炉点火后的操作a）启动一台给水泵；b）当主蒸汽压力达0.98MPa，温度达250℃时向轴封送汽。送汽压力0.11～0.127Mpa.温度150℃1.4Preparationafterboilerignition:a)Startuponefeedwaterpump;b)Whenmainsteampressurereaches0.98MPa,andtemperaturereaches250℃,sendsteamtoglandseal.Steamconveyingpressureis0.11～0.127Mpaandtemperatureis150℃.苏丹喀北电站汽机资料1.5冷态启动冲转条件a）主蒸汽压力0.98MPa，主蒸汽温度250℃；b）油温40℃，到45℃间，润滑油压在0.098±0.0196MPa间，调节油压在：抗燃油为14.8MPa,透平油为1.96±0.1MPa间；c）冷凝器压力在45-50kPa间；d）盘车运行正常，连续盘车时间不小于2h；e）大轴晃动值不超过原始晃动值0.02mm。1.5RollingconditionsforColdstatestartupoperationofturbine:1)Mainsteampressureis0.98MPa,andmainsteamtemperatureis250℃;2)Oiltemperatureisbetween40and45℃,lubricationoilpressureisbetween0.098±0.0196MPa,governingoilpressure:fire-resistantoilis14.8MPa,turbineoilisbetween1.96±0.1MPa;3)Condenserpressureisbetween45-50kPa;4)Turninggearisnormal,andcontinuousturninggeartimeshouldnotbelessthan2hours;5)vibrationvalueofmainshaftshouldnotexceed0.02mmoftheoriginalvalue.苏丹喀北电站汽机资料1.6冲转、升速、暖机、定速Rolling,speedup,warming-up,constantspeed1.6.1冲转前投入主机保护装置。1.6.2投入排汽缸喷水。1.6.3通过DEH，开启电动主闸门、自动主汽门，逐渐开启调速汽门，以每分钟100r/min的升速率升速到500r/min，其中当200r/min时停顶轴装置，低速暖机5min，进行检查和听音，低速暖机结束后，DEH以每分钟100r/min的升速率提升转速到1500r/min，中速暖机约20min，继续以每分钟100r/min升速率升到3000r/min，定速。通过临界转速时升速率应在每分钟300r/min～600r/min（可调），通过临界转速时轴承盖振动不超过0.10mm（全轴系中各转子在弹性支承下的临界转速：高压1753r/min低压1592r/min发电机转子976r/min）。1.6.1Putmainmachineprotectingdeviceintooperationbeforerolling.1.6.2Putexhaustcasingspraywaterintooperation.1.6.3ByDEH,openelectricmaingate,automaticmainthrottlevalve,slowlyopenspeedgoverningvalve,thespeedwillriseto500r/minattherisingrateof100r/min.Whenthespeedis200r/min,theheadshaftgearshallbestoptowarmupatlowspeedfor5min,thenmakeexaminationandcheckifthereisanysound.Afterwarmingup,therotatingspeedofDEHwillriseto1500r/minattherisingrateof100r/min,t