汽机培训教材2(喀北电站概述)

喀北电站汽机概述Turbineoverview喀北电站汽机图片turbinepicture汽机主机的结构概述Generaldescriptionofmainunitstructure汽轮机的结构组成：Compositionofsteamturbine静止部分：包括汽缸、喷嘴、隔板、隔板套、汽封及轴承等部件；Staticparts:includingcasing,nozzle,diaphragm,diaphragmsleeve,glandsealandbearingsetc.转动部件：包括动叶片及转子（叶轮、主轴）联轴器、汽封等部件；Rotatingparts:includingmovingbladeandrotor(impeller,mainshaft),coupling,glandsealetc.附属设备：包括主汽阀、调节汽阀、调节系统、主油泵、辅助油泵及润滑装置等。Auxiliaryequipment:includingmainsteamvalve,adjustingsteamvalve,adjustingsystem,mainoilpump,auxiliaryoilpumpandlubricatingdeviceetc.主机的结构概述及性能参数汽缸casing隔板、汽封diaphragm,glandseal轴承shaftbearing转子rotor盘车turninggear汽缸、滑销系统汽缸是汽轮机的外壳。其作用是将进入汽轮机的蒸汽与大气隔开，形成蒸汽能量转换的封闭汽室；汽缸内部安装着隔板和隔板套、汽封等部件，外部与进汽、排汽及抽汽等管道相连接，因此还起着支承定位的作用。Casingistheshellofturbine.Itsfunctionistoseparatethesteamenteringintotheturbinefromatmosphere,formingthesealedsteamchamberwherethesteamenergycanbetransformed;thecomponentssuchasdiaphragmandbladecarrieretc.areinstalledinthecasing,thepipessuchassteamadmissionpipe,exhaustpipeandextractionpipeareconnectedtotheexteriorpartofcasing,therefore,italsoplaystheroleofsupportingandpositioning.高压汽缸为单层缸隔板套结构，由高压缸前部和高压缸后部两部分组成。前部由耐热合金ZG20CrMoV浇铸而成，后部由碳钢ZG230～450浇铸而成，两部分通过垂直法兰用螺栓连接起来，高压缸前部采用高窄法兰，取消法兰加热装置，有利于机组快速启停。TheHPcasingissinglelayerbladecarrierstructure,itconsistsofthefrontpartandrearpart.ThefrontpartisforgedbyheatresistantalloyZG20CrMoV,therearpartiscastedwithmildsteelZG230～450.thesetwopartsareconnectedtogetherthroughverticalflangewithblots,thefrontpartofPhcasingadoptshighnarrowflange,theheatingdeviceshouldberemoved,whichisfavorablefortheshutdownandstartupofunitwithfastspeed.高压缸前部有四个蒸汽室，与汽缸焊成一体，每个蒸汽室内装有一只调节阀，四个调节阀各自控制着一组喷嘴。每个调节阀由一个调节阀操纵座控制其开度。新汽通过主汽阀后，由四根主汽管分别引入四个高压调节阀，由调节阀控制进入高压缸的蒸汽流量。高压缸排汽通过位于汽缸上方的两根连通管进入低压缸。进入低压缸的蒸汽对称地向前后两个方向流动，在通流部分膨胀做功之后，经过低压缸扩压管排入排汽装置。Therearefoursteamchambersinfrontofcasing，whichareweldedintegrallywithcasing,eachairchamberisequippedwithacontrolvalve,theindividualcontrolvalvescontrolsagroupofnozzlerespectively.Acontrolpedestalofcontrolvalvecontrolstheopeningofacontrolvalve.Afterpassingthroughthemainstopvalve,thefreshsteamisintroducedintoHPcontrolvalvebyfourmainsteampipes,thesteamenteringintoHPcasingiscontrolledbycontrolvalve.TheexhaustedsteamfromHPcasingentersintoLPcasingthroughtwoconnectingtubeslocatedonthetopofcasing.ThesteamenteredintoLPcasingflowsforwardandbackwardsymmetrically,afterexpandingtoworkintheadmissionpassage.ThesteamwillbedischargedintoexhaustdevicethroughdiffusertubeofLPcasing.低压缸为双流式，轴承箱落地。该缸为双层，外缸为钢板焊接，由三段组成，内缸为小段铸件及钢板焊接而成。内缸以键定位，两脚搁在外缸内侧的支撑面上，外缸支撑在基架上。外缸与轴承座间在下半设有立键。高低压缸连通管与低压内外缸靠波纹管相联，满足既能密封又能自由膨胀的要求。LPcasingisdoubleflow,itsbearingboxisgroundingarranged.Thiscasingisalsooftoolayers,theexteriorcasingisweldedwithstealboard,andcomposedofthreestages,theinteriorcasingisweldedwithshortcastingandsteelboard.Interiorcasingispositionedbykeys,itstwofeetisplacedonthesupportingsurfaceontheinternalsideofexteriorcasing,exteriorcasingissupportedontheframe.betweentheexteriorcasingandbearingpedestal,theverticalpinissetonlowerpart.TheconnectingtubeofIPcasingandLPcasingisconnectedwiththeexteriorandinteriorLPcasingbybellow.Whichcanmeettherequirementofsealingandfreeexpansion.汽轮机在启动、停机和工况变化时，温度发生变化，将产生膨胀或收缩。为了保证汽缸受热或冷却后以正确的方向膨胀或收缩，并保持汽缸与转子中心一致，设置了一套滑销系统。滑销系统通常由横销、纵销、立销等组成。Duringthestartup,shutdownandchangingofworkcondition,thetemperaturechanges,theturbinewillexpandorshrink.Inordertoensurethatturbinecanexpandorshrinkintherightdirectionwhenitisheatedorcooled,andthecenterofcasingandthatofrotorcomplywitheachother,asetofslidingpinsystemisestablished.Theslidingpinsystemconsistsoftransversepin,longitudinalpinandverticalpinetc,thestructureofeveryslidingpinisasfig.6—10show.该机组采用双死点滑销系统，一个死点位于中箱底部，一个死点位于低压进汽中心线上。高压缸前后各两个猫爪，分面支撑在前轴承箱、中轴承箱上，中轴承箱采用传统的猫爪-横键，前轴承箱采用推拉杆结构。Thisunitadoptstheslidingpinsystemwithdoubledeadpoints,onedeadpointislocatedonthebottomofintermediatebox,theotheroneissituatedontheLPsteamintakecenterline.TherearetwocatclawsonfrontandrearpartofHPcasingrespectively.Whicharesupportedonthefrontbearingboxandintermediatebearingbox,theintermediatebearingboxadoptstraditionalcatclaw-transversekey,thefrontbearingboxadoptsthepushpullrodstructure.转子(高中压缸转子)rotor(HIPcasingrotor)转子（低压缸转子）rotor(LPcasingrotor)高中压转子与低压转子均为整锻结构。高压转子材料30Cr1Mo1V，低压转子材料30Cr2Ni4MoV。HIProtorandLProtorareallintegralforgedrotor.MaterialofHIProtoris30Cr1Mo1V,materialofLProtoris30Cr2Ni4MoV.汽轮机各转子之间以及汽轮机转子与发电机转子之间均用联轴器连接，用以传递扭矩和轴向力。Usecouplingstoconnectrotorsofasteamturbine,aswellasrotorsofsteamturbineandrotorsofgenerator,whichistotransfertorqueandaxialforce.隔板diaphragm隔板和汽封diaphragmandglandseal隔板用来固定静叶片，并将汽缸内分隔成若干个汽室。为了安装与拆卸方便，隔板通常做成水平对分形式。隔板内圆孔处开有汽封安装槽，用来安装隔板汽封，减小隔板漏汽损失。Thediaphragmisusedtofixthestationaryblade,anddividethecasingintoseveralsteamchambers.Inordertoassembleanddisassembleiteasily.Thediaphragmisusuallydividedintotwopartshorizontally.thesealinginstallationslotissetintheorificeinthediaphragm,whichisusedtoinstalldiaphragmseal,reducethelossofsteamleakage.冲动式汽轮机的隔板主要由静叶片、隔板体和隔板外缘组成，主要形式有焊接式和铸造式两种。Thediaphragmof