网络基础培训课程资料

2006年4月计算机系统事业部客服技术支持部网络基础培训课程资料(二)TCP/IP基础知识IP地址基础知识优化IP地址的分配第2章TCP/IP协议概述第一节：TCP/IP基础知识TCP/IP简介TCP/IP协议栈名字解析数据的路由TCP/IP简介通信过程TCP/IP的分层定义应用程序通信过程NameAddressPostOfficePostOfficeNameAddressNameAddressPostOfficePostOfficeNameAddressTCP/IP的分层ApplicationLayerTransportLayerInternetLayerNetworkInterfaceLayerInternet层IPICMPIGMPARP网络接口层EthernetATM传输层UDPTCP应用层FTPHTTPOSITCP/IPApplicationPresentationSessionApplicationDataLinkPhysicalNetworkInterfaceTransportNetworkTransportInternetIPTCPOSI模型与TCP/IP模型的比较定义应用程序UDPTCPFTPHTTP192.168.2.150FTPServerHTTPServerTCPPort20,21TCPPort80IPAddress+TCPPortorUDPPort=SocketTCP/IP协议栈TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)InternetProtocol(IP)InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)InternetGroupManagementProtocol(IGMP)AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)TCP/IPUtilities传输控制协议(TCP)IPICMPIGMPARPUDPTCP用户数据报协议(UDP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet协议(IP)RouterUDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet控制消息协议(ICMP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPRouterInternet组管理协议(IGMP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARP地址解析协议(ARP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPBCAARPCache214651.ARPcacheischecked2.ARPrequestissent3.ARPentryisadded4.ARPreplyissent5.ARPentryisadded6.IPpacketissentARPCache3TCP/IP工具Server-basedSoftwareDiagnosticUtilitiesConnectivityUtilitiesFtpTelnetTftpArpHostnameIpconfigNbstatNetstatPingTracertTCP/IPPrintingServiceInternetInformationServices数据的路由IP路由跨路由器的数据传输IP路由RouterPortionofRoutingTable192.168.1.0255.255.255.0192.168.1.1192.168.2.0255.255.255.0192.168.2.1192.168.3.0255.255.255.0192.168.3.1192.168.4.0255.255.255.0192.168.4.1192.168.5.0255.255.255.0192.168.5.1192.168.6.0255.255.255.0192.168.6.1192.168.7.0255.255.255.0192.168.7.1192.168.8.0255.255.255.0192.168.8.1Isdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addtheRouter’sMACaddressAlwaysaddthedestination’sIPaddress跨路由器的数据传输VerifypacketDecreaseTTLIsdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addanotherRouter’sMACaddressVerifypacketVerifyIPaddressSendthepacketuptothenextlayerIsdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addtherouter’sMACaddressAlwaysaddthedestination’sIPaddressVerifypacketVerifyIPaddressSendthepacketuptothenextlayerVerifypacketDecreaseTTLIsdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addanotherrouter’sMACaddressRouter2Router1ABCD第二节：IP地址基础知识IP地址格式IP地址分类子网掩码规划IP地址设置IP地址IP地址格式192.168.1.0192.168.3.0192.168.1.100192.168.2.101192.168.2.100192.168.3.100192.168.2.0192.168.1.100IPAddressHostIDNetworkIDIP地址分类wxyzClassANetworkIDHostIDClassBNetworkIDHostIDClassCNetworkIDHostIDIP地址范围*127(011111111)isaClassAaddressreservedforloopbacktestingandcannotbeassignedtoanetwork.子网掩码子网子网掩码(SubnetMasks)确定本地和远程主机子网RouterSubnet1Subnet212HubHub子网掩码IPAddressHostIDNetworkID192.168.2.200SubnetMask255.255.0.0192.168.IPAddress10.50.100.200SubnetMask255.0.0.0NetworkID10.0.0.0IPAddress10.50.100.200SubnetMask255.255.0.0NetworkID10.50.0.0IPAddress10.50.100.200SubnetMask255.255.255.0NetworkID10.50.100.0确定本地和远程主机Example11192.168.1.100LocalHosts192.168.2.1002Router255.255.0.0SubnetMaskABCDEFExample21192.168.1.1002RemoteHosts192.168.2.100Router255.255.255.0SubnetMaskABCDEF规划IP地址设置IP地址的原则设置网络IDs设置主机IDs设置IP地址的原则主机ID不能全为0主机ID不能全为255第一个数不能为127IP地址必须是唯一的设置网络IDs123Router10.0.0.0192.168.2.0172.16.0.0设置主机IDs12Router172.16.0.12172.16.0.11172.16.0.1010.0.0.1210.0.0.1110.0.0.10192.168.2.11192.168.2.10192.168.2.110.0.0.1172.16.0.1310.0.0.0192.168.2.0172.16.0.0设置IP地址静态IP地址自动IP地址查看IP地址静态IP地址InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)PropertiesGeneralYoucangetIPsettingsassignedautomaticallyifyournetworksupportsthiscapability.Otherwise,youneedtoaskyournetworkadministratorfortheappropriateIPsettings.ObtainanIPaddressautomaticallyUsethefollowingIPaddress:IPaddress:UsethefollowingDNSserveraddresses:PreferredDNSserver:ObtainDNSserveraddressautomaticallyAdvanced...AlternateDNSserver:192.168.1.200192.168.1.1255.255.255.0Subnetmask:Defaultgateway:OKCancel自动IP地址InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)PropertiesGeneralYoucangetIPsettingsassignedautomaticallyifyournetworksupportsthiscapability.Otherwise,youneedtoaskyournetworkadministratorfortheappropriateIPsettings.ObtainanIPaddressautomaticallyUsethefollowingIPaddress:IPaddress:UsethefollowingDNSserveraddresses:PreferredDNSserver:ObtainDNSserveraddressautomaticallyAdvanced...AlternateDNSserver:Subnetmask:Defaultgateway:OKCancel查看IP地址InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)PropertiesGeneralYoucangetIPsettingsassignedautomaticallyifyournetworksupportsthiscapability.Otherwise,youneedtoaskyournetworkadministratorfortheappropriateIPsettings.ObtainanIPaddressautomaticallyUsethefollowingIPaddress:IPaddress:UsethefollowingDNSserveraddresses:PreferredDNSserver:ObtainDNSserveraddressautomaticallyAdvanced...AlternateDNSserver:192.168.1.200192.168.1.1255.255.255.0Subnetmask:Defaultgateway:OKCancel查看IP地址CommandPromptMicrosoftWindows2000[version5.00.2195](C)Copyright1985-1999MicrosoftCorp.C:\ipconfigWindows2000IPConfigurationEthernetadapterLocalAreaConnection:Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:IPAddress............:192.168.1.200SubnetMask...........:255.255.255.0DefaultGateway.........:192.168.1.1C:\_私有IP