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新锐八年级数学第一学期期末测试卷12014.12.21(时间:100分钟;满分:120分)一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题有且只有一个答案正确,每小题3分,共24分)题号12345678答案1.2的算术平方根是···········································································()A.2B.2C.±2D.±22.2013年12月2日,“嫦娥三号”从西昌卫星发射中心发射升空,并于12月14日在月球上成功实施软着陆.月球距离地球平均为384401000米,用四舍五入法取近似值,精确到1000000米,并用科学计数法表示,其结果是··········································································()A.3.84×107米B.3.8×107米C.3.84×108米D.3.8×108米3.在实数:213.,π,3,−227中,无理数的个数有································()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个4.在平面直角坐标系中,点P(3,−5)在··············································()A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限5.如图是一个风筝设计图,其主体部分(四边形ABCD)关于BD所在的直线对称,AC与BD相交于点O,且AB≠AD,则下列判断不正确的是···················································()A.△ABD≌△CBDB.△ABC是等边三角形C.△AOB≌△COBD.△AOD≌△COD6.一次函数y=kxb,当k<0,b<0时,它的图象大致为······················()7.如图,正方形网格中,已有两个小正方形被涂黑,再将图中其余小正方形涂黑一个,使整个被涂黑的图案构成一个轴对称图形,那么涂法共有···············································()A.3种B.4种C.5种D.6种8.某物流公司的快递车和货车同时从甲地出发,以各自的速度匀速向乙地行驶,快递车到达乙地后卸完物品再另装货物共用34h,立即按原路以另一速度返回,直至与货车相遇.已知货车的速度为60km/h,两车之间的距离y(km)与货车行驶时间x(h)之间的函数图象如图所示,现有以下4个结论:①快递车到达乙地时两车相距120km;②甲、乙两地之间的距离为300km;③快递车从甲地到乙地的速度为100km/h;④图中点B的坐标为(334,75).其中,正确的结论有·······································································()第7题ABCDO第5题yxOyxOyxOOxyABCD/hxOABC1203144/kmy第8题A.1个B.2C.3个D.4个二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)9.点P(2,3)到x轴的距离是_____.10.比较大小:43_____7.(填“>”、“=”、“<”)11.已知等腰三角形的一个外角是80°,则它顶角的度数为_____.12.若直角三角形的两条直角边的长分别是6和8,则斜边上的中线长为_____.13.如图,在△ABC中,∠C=90°,AD平分∠CAB,BC=10cm,BD=6cm,那么D点到直线AB的距离是_____cm.14.在平面直角坐标系中,一青蛙从点A(−1,0)处向左跳2个单位长度,再向下跳2个单位长度到点A′处,则点A′的坐标为_____.15.写出同时具备下列两个条件的一次函数关系式_____.(写出一个即可)(1)y随x的增大而减小;(2)图像经过点(1,−2).16.如图,在△ABC中,AB的垂直平分线分别交AB、BC于点D、E,AC的垂直平分线分别交AC、BC于点F、G,若∠BAC=100°,则∠EAG=_____°.17.如图,已知直线y=axb,则关于x的方程1ax=b的解x=_____.18.如图,C为线段AB上一动点(不与点A、B重合),在AB同侧分别作正三角形ACD和正三角形BCE,AE与BD交于点F,AE与CD交于点G,BD与CE交于点H,连接GH.以下五个结论:①AE=BD;②GH∥AB;③AD=DH;④GE=HB;⑤∠AFD=60°,一定成立的有_______.(填序号即可)三、解答题(本大题共9小题,共76分,解答要求写出文字说明,证明过程或计算步骤)19.(本题满分8分)(1)求x的值:249x=0;(2)计算:023(1)8(2).20.(本题满分6分)近年来,江苏省实施“村村通”工程和农村医疗卫生改革,盐都区计划在张村、李村之间建一座定点医疗站P,张、李两村座落在两相交公路内(如图所示),医疗站必须满足下列条件:①使其到两公路的距离相等;②到张、李两村的距离也相等.请你利用尺规作图确定P点的位置.(不写作法,保留作图痕迹)21.(本题满分6分)如图,一木杆在离地某处断裂,木杆顶部落在离木杆底部8米处,已知木杆原长16米,求木杆断裂处离地面多少米?ABCD第13题ABCDEFG第16题-14321yxO1-1第17题ABCDEFGH第18题张村李村8米地面22.(本题满分6分)在平面直角坐标系中,已知A(−1,5)、B(4,2)、C(−1,0)三点.(1)点A关于原点O的对称点A′的坐标为_____,点B关于x轴的对称点B′的坐标为_____,点C关于y轴的对称点C′的坐标为_____;(2)求以(1)中的点A′、B′、C′为顶点的△A′B′C′的面积.23.(本题满分6分)如图,四边形ABCD是梯形,AD∥BC,∠A=90°,BD=CB,CE⊥BD,垂足为E.(1)求证:△ABD≌△ECB;(2)若∠DBC=50°,求∠DCE的度数.24.(本题满分10分)如图,点E是∠AOB的平分线上一点,EC⊥OA,ED⊥OB,垂足分别是C、D.求证:(1)∠EDC=∠ECD;(2)OC=OD;(3)OE是线段CD的垂直平分线.ABCDEABCDEO25.(本题满分10分)阅读下列一段文字,然后回答下列问题.已知平面内两点M(1x,1y)、N(2x,2y),则这两点间的距离可用下列公式计算:MN=221212xxyy.例如:已知P(3,1)、Q(1,−2),则这两点间的距离PQ=223112=13.特别地,如果两点M(1x,1y)、N(2x,2y)所在的直线与坐标轴重合或平行于坐标轴或垂直于坐标轴,那么这两点间的距离公式可简化为MN=12xx或12yy.(1)已知A(1,2)、B(−2,−3),试求A、B两点间的距离;(2)已知A、B在平行于x轴的同一条直线上,点A的横坐标为5,点B的横坐标为−1,试求A、B两点间的距离;(3)已知△ABC的顶点坐标分别为A(0,4)、B(−1,2)、C(4,2),你能判定△ABC的形状吗?请说明理由.26.(本题满分12分)小华和爸爸上山游玩,爸爸乘电缆车,小华步行,两人相约在山顶的缆车终点会合.已知小华行走到缆车终点的路程是爸爸乘缆车到山顶的线路长的2倍,爸爸在小华出发后50min才乘上电缆车,电缆车的平均速度为180m/min.设小华出发x(min)行走的路程为y(m),图中的折线表示小华在整个行走过程中y(m)与x(min)之间的函数关系.(1)小华行走的总路程是_____m,他途中休息了_____min;(2)当50≤x≤80时,求y与x的函数关系式;(3)当爸爸到达缆车终点时,小华离缆车终点的路程是多少?/my/minxO3050803600195027.(本题满分12分)已知△ABC为等边三角形,点D为直线BC上的一动点(点D不与B、C重合),以AD为边作等边△ADE(顶点A、D、E按逆时针方向排列),连接CE.(1)如图1,当点D在边BC上时,求证:①BD=CE,②AC=CE+CD;(2)如图2,当点D在边BC的延长线上且其他条件不变时,结论AC=CE+CD是否成立?若不成立,请写出AC、CE、CD之间存在的数量关系,并说明理由;(3)如图3,当点D在边BC的反向延长线上且其他条件不变时,补全图形,并直接写出AC、CE、CD之间存在的数量关系.图1ABCDE图2ABCDEABCD图3八年级数学参考答案及评分标准(阅卷前请认真校对,以防答案有误!)一、选择题(每小题3分,共24分)题号12345678答案ACBDBBCD二、填空题(每小题2分,共20分)9.3.10.<.11.100°.12.5.13.4.14.(−3,−2).15.答案不唯一,如y=1x等.16.20.17.4.18.①②④⑤.三、解答题(共76分)19.(1)24x=9,·························································································1分2x=94,·······················································································2分x=±32.····················································································4分(2)原式=1+2+2··················································································3分=5.························································································4分说明:第(1)题答案写成x=32扣1分;第(2)题0(1)、38、2(2)的计算分别给1分.20.作出线段垂直平分线,·············································································3分作出角平分线.······················································································6分21.设木杆断裂处离地面x米,由题意得····························································1分228x=2(16)x.·················································································3分解得x=6······························································································5分答:木杆断裂处离地面6米.····································································6分22.(1)(1,−5);(4,−2);(1,0).······························································3分(2)S△A′B′C′=15(41)2=152.········································6分23.(1)∵AD∥BC,∴∠ADB=∠EBC.∵CE⊥BD,∴∠BEC=
本文标题:八年级数学上册期末测试题及答案1
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