XXXXASHRAE手册第19章数据处理和电信设施

CHAPTER19DATAPROCESSINGANDTELECOMMUNICATIONFACILITIES第19章数据处理和电信设施DesignCriteriaHVACLoadconsiderationsHVACSystemsandComponentsAirDistributionAncillaryspacesOtherSystemsandconsiderations19.1设计标准19.2空调负荷注意事项19.3空调系统和组件19.4气流组织19.5辅助空间19.6其它系统和注意事项DATACOM(dataprocessingandtelecommunications)facilitiesarepredominantlyoccupiedbycomputers,networkingequipment,electronicequipment,andperipherals.ThemostdefiningHVACcharacteristicofdataandcommunicationsequipmentcentersisthepotentialforexceptionallyhighsensibleheatloads(oftenordersofmagnitudegreaterthanatypicalofficebuilding).Inaddition,theequipmentinstalledinthesefacilitiestypically:数据通信（数据处理和电信）设施主要由计算机、网络设备、电子设备和其它辅助设备组成。数据和通讯设备中心空调最主要的特征是，需要应对极高的显热冷负荷（要比普通的商业办公楼负荷大得多）。另外，空调系统要具有以下这些功能：.Servesmission-criticalapplications(i.e.,continuousoperation).Hasspecialenvironmentalrequirements(temperature,humidity,andcleanliness).Hasthepotentialfordisruptiveoverheatingandequipmentfailurecausedbylossofcooling·满足特定的应用（例如：持续运行）；·具备特殊环境要求（温度、湿度和洁净度）；·在突发性过热和由于设备损坏不能持续制冷的情况下，系统能继续冷却电子设备。Designofanydatacomfacilityshouldalsoaddressthefactthatmostdatacomequipmentwillbereplacedmultipletimeswithmorecurrenttechnologyduringthelifeofthefacility.AsdescribedinDatacomEquipmentPowerTrendsandCoolingapplications(ASHRAE2005a),typicaldatacomequipmentproductcyclesare1to5years,whereasfacilitiesandinfrastructureHAVClifecyclesof10to25years.Replacementequipmenthashistoricallyrequiredmoredemandingpowerandcoolingrequirements.任何数据通信设施的设计时，都要面对这样一个事实：在通信设施的使用寿命期间，随着技术的发展，大量现有的通信设备将会被将来的新设备更换掉。在数据通信设备电源的发展过程和冷却应用中(ASHRAE2005a)，典型的数据通讯设备产品寿命为1至5年，而空调设施和基础设施的寿命为10年至25年。新设备对电功和制冷量要求的会更大。Understandingthesecriticalparametersisessentialtodatacomfacilitydesign.了解这些关键因素对数据通信设施的设计是必不可少的。ThepreparationofthischapterisassignedtoTE9.9,Mission-criticalFacilities,TechnologySpaces,andElectronicEquipment.由ASHRAE中负责“重要设施、工艺房间与电子设备”的技术委员会TC9.9编著。DesignCriteria19.1设计标准Typesofdatacom(ASHRAE2005a)equipmentthatrequireairconditioningtomaintainproperenvironmentalconditionsinclude数据通信中心(ASHRAE2005a)的空调系统的工作环境中，包含的数据通信设备类别有：·Computerservers(2Uandgreater)·Computerservers(1U,blade,andcustom)·Communication(High-density)·Communication(Extreme-density)·tapestorage·Storageservers·Workstations(standalone)·Otherrack-andcabinet-mountedequipment·服务器(2台或更多)·服务器(1台,black,andcustom)·通讯(高密度)·通讯(超高密度)·磁带存储器·存储服务器·工作站(独立)·其它机架和机柜安装设备Personnelalsooccupydatacomfacilities,buttheiroccupancyistypicallytransientandenvironmentalconditions(e.g.,temperature,noise)aremoretypicallydictatedbyequipmentneeds.However,humanoccupancyinsmallerdatacomfacilitiesmayinfluencetheventilationairquantity.Adatacenterisabuildingorportionofabuildingwhoseprimaryfunctionistohouseacomputerroomanditssupportareas;datacenterstypicallycontainhigh-endserversandstorageproductswithmission-criticalfunctions.Personnelalsooccupydatacomfacilities,buttheiroccupancyistypicallytransientandenvironmentalconditionsareusuallymoredictatedbyequipmentneeds,therebymakingitmoreofaprocesscoolingapplicationratherthancomfortcooling.However,humanoccupancyinsmallerdatacomfacilitiesmayinfluenceventilationairrequirements.工作人员也占用数据通信中心，但其通常是暂时的，所以机房环境条件（如温度，噪音）常由设备的需求决定。虽然工作人员占用的数据通信机房较小，但通风量也会受影响。数据中心可能一个建筑物或建筑物的一部分，其主要功能是容纳一个计算机房和其他附属设施；数据中心通常包含高端服务器和具有重要功能的存储设备。工作人员也占用数据通信中心，但其通常是暂时的，所以机房环境条件（如温度，噪音）常由设备的需求决定，因此空调系统更多的是冷却功能而不是舒适功能。虽然工作人员占用的数据通信机房较小，但对通风设计也会有要求。Overview19.1.1概述Environmentalrequirementsofdatacomequipmentvarydependingonthetypeofequipmentand/ormanufacturer.However,aconsortiumofservermanufacturershasagreedonasetoffourstandardizedconditions(Classes1to4),listedinThermalGuidelinesforDataProcessingEnvironments(ASHRAE2008).Afifthclassification,theNetworkEquipment-BuildingSystems(NEBS)class,istypicallyusedintelecommunications.不同类型的设备或制造商，他们的数据通信设备对环境的要求都有所不同。然而，服务器制造厂家们达成了四个标准原则，此四条标准原则列于数据中心冷却指南(ThermalGuidelinesforDataProcessingEnvironmentsASHRAE2008)。第五个分类，网络设备构建系统(NEBS)类，通常用于通信。·Class1:typicallyadatacomfacilitywithtightlycontrolledenvironmentalparameters(dewpoint,temperature,andrelativehumidity)andmission-criticaloperations;typesofproductstypicallydesignedfortheseenvironmentsareenterpriseserversandstorageproducts.·第一类：通常数据通信设施有严格控制环境参数（露点，温度和相对湿度）和重要操作;通信设备服务器和存储设备一般按照此条规定的环境参数设计。·Class2:typicallyadatacomspaceorofficeorlabenvironmentwithsomecontrolofenvironmentalparameters(dewpoint,temperature,andrelativehumidity);typesofproductstypicallydesignedforthisenvironmentaresmallservers,storageproducts,personalcomputers,andworkstations.·第二类：通常数据通信机房或办公室或实验室环境中，会安装有环境参数控制设备（露点温度、温度和相对湿度）；小型服务器、存储设备、个人电脑和工作站一般按照此条规定的环境参数设计。·Class3:typicallyanoffice,home,ortransportableenvironmentwithlittlecontrolofenvironmentalparameters(temperatureonly);typesofproductstypicallydesignedforthisenvironmentarepersonalcomputers,workstations,laptops,andprinters.·第三类：通常办公室、家庭或者运输环境只需要控制环境温度（温度）；个人电脑、工作站、笔记本电脑和打印机一般按照此条规定的环境参数设计。·Class4:typicallyapoint-of-saleorlightindustrialorfactoryenvironmentwithweatherprotection,sufficientwinterheating,andventilation;typesofproductstypicallydesignedforthisenvironmentarepoint-of-saleequipment,in