人力资源英文字典

DictionaryofHumanResourcesPage1of23Contributedby:SalmanHafeezDictionaryofHumanResourcesPage2of23Contributedby:SalmanHafeezChapter1:TheStrategicRoleofHumanResourceManagementKeyTermsManagementProcessThefivebasicfunctionsofmanagementare:planning,organizing,staffing,leading,andcontrolling.HumanResourceThestaffingfunctionsofthemanagementprocess.Or,thepoliciesManagementandpracticesneededtocarryoutthepeopleorhumanresourceaspectsofamanagementposition,includingrecruiting,screening,training,rewarding,andappraising.AuthorityTherighttomakedecisions,todirecttheworkofothers,andtogiveorders.LineManagerAuthorizedtodirecttheworkofsubordinates-they'realwayssomeone'sboss.Inaddition,linemanagersareinchargeofaccomplishingtheorganization'sbasicgoals.StaffManagerAssistandadviselinemanagersinaccomplishingthebasicgoals.HRmanagersaregenerallystaffmanagers.LineAuthorityTheauthoritytodirecttheactivitiesofthepeopleinhisorherowndepartment.ImpliedAuthorityTheauthorityexertedbyvirtueofothers'knowledgethatheorshehasaccesstotopmanagement.FunctionalControlTheauthorityexertedbyapersonnelmanagerasacoordinatorofpersonnelactivities.EmployeeAdvocacyHRmusttakeresponsibilityforclearlydefininghowmanagementshouldbetreatingemployees,makesureemployeeshavethemechanismsrequiredtocontestunfairpractices,andrepresenttheinterestsofemployeeswithintheframeworkofitsprimaryobligationtoseniormanagement.GlobalizationThetendencyoffirmstoextendtheirsalesormanufacturingtonewmarketsabroad.CompetitiveAdvantageFactorsthatallowanorganizationtodifferentiateitsproductorservicefromcompetitorstoincreasemarketshare.CostLeadershipTheenterpriseaimstobecomethelow-costleaderinanindustry.DifferentiationAfirmseekstobeuniqueinitsindustryalongdimensionsthatarewidelyvaluedbybuyers.DictionaryofHumanResourcesPage3of23Contributedby:SalmanHafeezChapter3:JobAnalysisKeyTermsJobAnalysisTheprocedurefordeterminingthedutiesandskillrequirementsofajobandthekindofpersonwhoshouldbehiredforit.JobDescriptionAlistofajob'sduties,responsibilities,reportingrelationships,workingconditions,andsupervisoryresponsibilities--oneproductofajobanalysis.JobSpecificationAlistofajob'shumanrequirements,thatis,therequisiteeducation,skills,personality,andsoon--anotherproductofajobanalysis.Diary/LogDailylistingsmadebyworkersofeveryactivityinwhichtheyengagealongwiththetimeeachactivitytakes.PositionAnalysisAquestionnaireusedtocollectquantifiabledataconcerningtheQuestionnaire(PAQ)dutiesandresponsibilitiesofvariousjobs.DepartmentofLaborStandardizedmethodforrating,classifying,andcomparingJobAnalysisvirtuallyeverykindofjobbasedondata,people,andthings.FunctionalJobAnalysisAmethodforclassifyingjobssimilartotheDepartmentofLaborjobanalysisbutadditionallytakingintoaccounttheextenttowhichinstructions,reasoning,judgment,andverbalfacilityarenecessaryforperformingthejobtasks.(page97)DictionaryofHumanResourcesPage4of23Contributedby:SalmanHafeezChapter4:PersonnelPlanningandRecruitingKeyTermsTrendAnalysisStudyofafirm'spastemploymentneedsoveraperiodofyearstopredictfutureneeds.RatioAnalysisAforecastingtechniquefordeterminingfuturestaffneedsbyusingratiosbetweensalesvolumeandnumberofemployeesneeded.ScatterPlotAgraphicalmethodusedtohelpidentifytherelationshipbetweentwovariables.ComputerizedForecastThedeterminationoffuturestaffneedsbyprojectingafirm'ssales,volumeofproduction,andpersonnelrequiredtomaintainthisvolumeofoutput,usingcomputersandsoftwarepackages.QualificationsInventoriesManualorcomputerizedsystematicrecords,listingemployees'education,careeranddevelopmentinterests,languages,specialskills,andsoon,tobeusedinforecastinginsidecandidatesforpromotion.PersonnelReplacementCompanyrecordsshowingpresentperformanceandpromotabilityofinsidecandidatesforthemostimportantpositions.ChartsPositionReplacementAcardpreparedforeachpositioninacompanytoshowpossiblereplacementcandidatesandtheirqualifications.CardsJobPostingPostingnoticesofjobopeningsoncompanybulletinboardsisaneffectiverecruitingmethod.OccupationalMarketTheBureauofLaborStatisticsoftheU.S.DepartmentofLaborpublishesprojectionsoflaborsupplyanddemandforvariousoccupations,asdootheragencies.ConditionsApplicationFormTheformthatprovidesinformationoneducation,priorworkrecord,andskills.DictionaryofHumanResourcesPage5of23Contributedby:SalmanHafeezChapter5:EmployeeTestingandSelectionKeyTermsTestValidityTheaccuracywithwhichatest,interview,andsoonmeasureswhatitpurportstomeasureorfulfillsthefunctionitwasdesignedtofill.CriterionValidityAtypeofvaliditybasedonshowingthatscoresonthetest(predictors)arerelatedtojobperformance.ContentValidityAtestthatiscontent--validisoneinwhichthetestcontainsafairsampleofthetasksandskillsactuallyneededforthejobinquestion.ReliabilityThecharacteristicwhichreferstotheconsistencyofscoresobtainedbythesamepersonwhenretestedwiththeidenticalorequivalenttests.ExpectancyChartAgraphshowingtherelationshipbetweentestscoresandjobperformanceforalargegroupofpeople.WorkSamplesActualjobtasksusedintestingapplicants'performance.WorkSamplingTechniqueAtestingmethodbasedonmeasuringperformanceonactualjob