经济发展社会福利与治理结构

©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:3,,,:100872,:[e-mail],,20082008,,,,GDP,:(2004,2007)(2005);(2007),:,,,,,,,(politicalgovernancestructure):(Appointment,A)(LimitedElection,L)(Election,E),,():(tradeoff),,:(1),(),,,,14120094©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),,,,(3),,,,:(thetheoryofoptimalpoliticalinstitute),AghionAlesinaTrebbi(2004)AghionBolton(2003)MaskinTirole(2004),(veilsofignorance),(socialplanners),,,,(thepoliticaleconomyofpoliticalinstitute)Acemoglu,AcemogluRobinson(2000a,2000b,2001a,2001b,2006)Acemoglu(2005,2006):,,,;,(concession)(transferpower);,LlavadorOxoby(2005),,(suffrage),LizzeriPersico(2004)Acemoglu19,(elite),Acemoglu,:(1)Acemoglu,;,LlavadorOxoby(2005)LizzeriPersico(2004),,LlavadorOxoby(2005)LizzeriPersico(2004),,,,()(2),(capture),(PSA),Tirole(1986)LaffontTirole(1991)(3)Olson(1982),(distributionalcoalition):(1),(2)(3),(4),,:,241:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(players):(centralgovernment)(localgovernments)RPR,P;,R,P(1-),12,,R,RR;P,RPR:wRRPRR,R,P;R,RR:RRR,(1-)RR,[0,1]P:wP,wPwR,,PRP:ni{1,;,n},n2:,RRRPu1(RR)u1(RP);,R(1-)RRu2((1-)RR),RuL=RR+(1-)RR,PuL=RP,0,,0:,:,,,34120094,,,(),i,,:(1);(2),;(3)(P),,,,(R)::,,;,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.();R,;PP,,1:,,(1-p)(nRR+Cn(1-)(1-)RR)-p,,,,,,,,12,,:R,(1-),(1-)(1-)RR,nRR+n(1-)(1-)RR:,,R,R(wR+RR),PwP,pF((1-2)(wR+RR-wR)),,uC=[nRR+Cn(1-)(1-)RR]-pF(),0,pF((1-2)(wR-wP-RP))wRwP+RPF(),F()0,F(0)=0,,0,:,12,,,,,;,1(T=2),(timing)(1)t=0,,(2)t=12,(3)t=1,(RP),,,,R(4)t=112,441:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(5)t=2,,(e),e(),1,R,,=0:RP?2,(1)(1+)RR-pARP-p,PPpAF((1-2)(wR+ARR-wp)),A{|(1+)(1-))RR-pA=RP-p}(2)(1+)RR-pARP-pRR,3,RP,uCA=2n(RP-p),RP(),,R(),RPRP,RP?,(1+)RR-pARP-p,RR(),,P():P,:n,(1+)RR-pL2(RP-p)+(n-1)(RR-pL),pLF((1-2)(wR+LRR-wP)),4,(1)(1+)RR-pL2(RP-p),P(2)(1+)RR-pL2(RP-p),S1:P,(1-)R,|2RP+1-RR-1p-p=(1+(1-54120094,t=1i,t=2i,,t=1S,t=2S,S{R,P}(t=2,t=1S),,:,,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.))RR-pLpLF((1-2)(wR+(1-)RR-wP-RP)),R,,P,R:RP:R,:,,,,5,(1)(1+)RR-pL2(RP-p),uCLR=2n(RP-p)(2)(1+)RR-pL2(RP-p),uCLS=2n(RP+(1-)RR-p)():6,(1)(1+)RR-pE2(RP-p),PpLF((1-2)(wR+LRR-wP))(2)(1+)RR-pE2(RP-p),S2:P,(1-)R|2RP+1-RR-1pÊ-p=(1+(1-E))RR-pE,pEF((1-2)(wR+(1-)RR-wP-RP)),,7,(1)(1+)RR-pE2(RP-p),uCEP=2n(RP-p)(2)(1+)RR-pE2(RP-p),,(1-)+(1-)=+-2+-212,uCES=2n(RP+(1-)RR-pÊ);+-212,uCES=n(RP+(1-)RR-pÊ)(),:(RR,RP),RRRP,RR…RRRP…RP,641:,(1+)RR-p2(RP-p)+(n-1)(RR-p)(1+)RR-p2(RP-p)+(n-1)(RR-p)©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(RR,RP):RP=12(1+)RR-12pL-p(1)RP=12(1+)RR-12pE-p(2)RP=(1+)RR-(pA-p)(3)1,(g,g),,,(A,P)P=0,p=0,11=0,p=0,(1),uCEPuCAP=uCLP,(E,P)(2),uCA=uCLPuCESP,(A,P);R,(A,R)(3),uCAuCES,uCAuCLS,(A,R)1,,:(1)(R),,,,(2)(),(),,,(3),R,P,(A,P)P,PRP,(=0),,74120094,=,,:(1),,(2),;,,(governance)(legitimacy),:,RPRR,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,;,,,1,:1,R(),R(),(e),,,,,(e)?(e)RPRR,PR;222=0,p=0,(1)1,DRDRP:DRR,DRpP(2)1,DPDRP:DPP,DRPP(3)=1,DRP:DRPP2,,(1)(1),:RP;RP(=1),DRPDRP,DRP,RP,,RP;,,841:,,:R,P,R,RRRP,,,P,,RPRR,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=1,=0,(),,,,,=0,p=0,,D(g)3=0,p=0,(1)5D()5(wR-wP)0,5D(P)5(wR-wP)0,5D(R)5(wR-wP)0,5D()5(wR-wP)0(2)5D()50,5D(+)503,(1)(wR-wP),P,,;P,(wR-wP),(2)(),,();(),:(1),,(2),,(3),(4),,,:(1)Acemoglu(2),94120094©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,9,2004:,6,2005:,11,2007:,7Acemoglu,D.,2005,PoliticsandEconomicsinWeakandStrongStates,JournalofMonetaryEconomics,52:11991226.Acemoglu,D.,2006,ModelingInefficientInstitutions,inRichardB.,NeweyW.,andPerssonT.(eds.),AdvancesinEconomicTheoryandEconometrics:ProceedingsoftheNinthWorldCongressoftheEconometricSociety,CambridgeUniversityPress.Acemoglu,D.andRobinsonJ.,2000a,WhyDidtheWestExtendtheFranchise?Democracy,InequalityandGrowthinHistoricalPerspective,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,115:11671199.Acemoglu,D.andRobinsonJ.,2000b,PoliticalLosersasaBarriertoEconomicDevelopment,AmericanEconomicReview,90:126130.Acemoglu,D.andRobinsonJ.,2001a,ATheoryofPoliticalTransitions,AmericanEconomicReview,91:938963.Acemoglu,D.andRobinsonJ.,2001b,InefficientRedistribution,AmericanPoliticalScienceReview,95:649661.Acemoglu,D.andRobinsonJ.,2006,EconomicOriginsofDictatorshipandDemocracy,NewYork,CambridgeUniversityPress.Aghion,P.andBoltonP.,2003,IncompleteSocialContracts,JournaloftheEuropeanEconomicAssociation,1:3867.Aghion,P.,Alesina,A.andTrebbi,F.,2004,EndogenousPoliticalInstitutions,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,119:565612.Laffont,J.,Tirole,J.,1991,ThePoliticsofGovernmentDecisionMaking:ATheoryofRegulatoryCapture,