劳动关系的内涵及雇员和雇主身份之认定

3,,1:,,2,,,,,3,:,,,,1794869894,18111151;18961911611630,611,,,41971,4731234,:,2006,5:,1934,12008()3:,,,,2006,231,,,;,;;;5,,,,,;,(),,,6,;,,,,,,()()7,,:,,;,,;,,,,(),,,,,8()(),,()9,,6115756789:,2003,5-6:,1960,19815,277W:,,2005,1,(employee)(employer),,,,7,1610,,(),,,,,,,;,,,,11,,,,(),(FairLaborStandardsAct),1213,,(economicrealitytest),:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6)14,,,,,(independentcontractor)15,,(),(employees)(independentcontrac2tor)(employmentrelationship),67200961011121314157,17-18:,2007,77FLSA3(e)(1),29U.S.C.A.203(e)(1).FLSA3(d),29U.S.C.A.203(d).:,(MarkA.Rothstein,CharlesB.Craver,ElinorP.Schroeder,ElaineW.Shoben,EmploymentLaw,West,2005,p.331)14,331(contractforservices)16,(vicariousliability),,17,(controltest)(organizationtest)(multipletest),,,,,,,,,,,(contractforservices),,,(accessoryto)18,(multipletest),19,;,;,(contractofservice),(inbusinessonhisownaccount)20(risktest),,,,21,,,,,,,,,,,77161718192021:,(DeborahJLockton,EmploymentLaw,5thEdtion,PalgraveMacmillan,2006,p.23)16,23-2516,25-26ReadyMixedConcrete(SouthEast)Ltdv.MPNI(1968)2QB497.MarketInvestigationsLtdv.MSS(1969)2QB173.MarketInvestigationsLtdv.MSS(1969)2QB173.,22,,23,,:(1);(2);(3);(4),,,,Reichv.CircleC.Investments,Inc.,,,,,,,,24,,,22,,,,,,,25,,,,,,,,,,,,,8720096222324257,21.FLSA3(d),29U.S.C.A.203(d).:,2007,14-155,97,,,()2,(),,,,(),,2005,,,,();(),,;(),,,,,,,,,1.??,,,,,,,:;;;;;,,,,26,,,,,,,,27,,,,2.97262724,2169,(contractofapprenticeship)(contractofemployment)28(),29,,,,,,,,30,,,,,;,,3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,31,,,,,4.,32,,08200962829303132EmploymentRightsAct1996,s.230(2).()(2006)7:A,:,:,2007,3-824()(2006)7,,,,;,,,335.,,,,()1.2,,,,,,,;,,,,34,,,,,,,,,,,,,2008,,,,,,,,,35,,,,183334355,99:,2008,6688,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,81,,,,,,36,2.,,,,,:,,,,,,,,37,,,,,:,;,,;,,,,,,,,,,(ProtectionAgainstUnfairDismissalAct)1028200963637(2008)8134,66-67,,38,20093,2948394041,,,,,,42,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(:)383839404142::(RogerBlanpain,SusanBison-Rapp,WilliamR.Corbett,HilaryK.Josephs,andMichaelZimmer,TheGlobalWorkplace:theInternationalandComparativeEmploymentLaw-CaeseandMaterials,CambridgeUniversityPress,2007,p.400)::2009(20095),20082917.33,0.9,3.085::2008(20093),20093,2948,5809.53,,2::2009(20095):,20088,68