(机械基础)实习手册

萍乡市汽车工程技工学校萍乡大富汽车工程学校《机械基础》课程实习手册专业＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿班级＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿学生姓名＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-1-萍乡市汽车工程技工学校萍乡大富汽车工程学校学生校内实习管理制度1、端正学习态度，搞好实习，按要求提交实习报告。2、服从实习指导教师的安排，遵守纪律，在实习场所不许大声喧哗、打闹，不得做与实习任务无关的事。3、树立“安全第一，文明实习”的理念，遵守各项规章制度及各种工种的安全技术操作规程，并按要求着装，防范和杜绝安全事故发生。4、爱护仪器设备、工量具及一切公共财物，并注意节约耗材。未经实习老师允许，严禁将工具、材料等带出实习场所，严禁学生私自动用实习场所的任何仪器和设备。5、在指定工位完成实习，未经允许不得随意更换。6、实习结束前收拾清理所用仪器设备、工具量并清扫场地，保持工作场地清洁卫生，由指导教师或实习场地管理员验收合格后方可离开。7、实习期间，按学校相关规定严格考勤。-2-目录《机械基础》课程实习说明···················-0-任务一、平面连杆机构的制作····················2一、实习任务与目的········································································2二、实习场所与器材········································································2三、课时分配·················································································2四、实习具体内容···········································································3任务一实习报告··············································································6任务二、机械传动的认知······················9一、实习任务与目的········································································9二、实习场所与器材········································································9三、课时分配·················································································9四、实习具体内容··········································································10任务二实习报告·············································································11任务三、液压与气压传动的认知··················15一、实习任务与目的·······································································15二、实习场所与器材·······································································15三、课时分配················································································15四、实习具体内容··········································································15任务三实习报告·············································································17任务四、常用机械零件的认知···················21一、实习任务与目的·······································································21二、实习场所与器材·······································································21三、课时分配················································································21四、实习具体内容··········································································22任务四实习报告·············································································24任务五、尺寸公差与配合的认知··················28一、实习任务与目的·······································································28二、实习场所与器材·······································································28三、课时分配················································································28四、实习具体内容··········································································29任务五实习报告·············································································31一周实习总结··························351《机械基础》课程实习说明《机械基础》是机械类专业的一门技术基础课，是学习其它专业课的基础。本课程的实习以实习指导教师引导观摩学习和指导动手实践相结合的方式进行，让学生对常见机构、常用传动方式、通用零件等形成直观、感性的认知，在课堂学习的基础上进一步加深认识和理解，并掌握一定的实用操作技能。本课程实习采取教学任务引导的模式。每项实习任务开始前，由实习指导教师对实习内容、实习要求、实习注意事项等进行讲解，然后指导学生在规定的课时内完成实习任务，最后由指导教师对学生实习表现、实习任务完成情况、实习作业（作品）情况进行评分。学生应提前了解实习手册内容，并复习本课程相关知识点，以便更好的完成实习任务。实习手册为每项实习任务配有相应的实习报告，包括实习内容记录、实习情况评分、实习体会撰写以及课后作业等内容。其中实习情况评分部分由实习指导教师在实习任务结束后现场打分，其它内容安排学生课后自行完成，实习结束后交实习指导教师检查批改。课程实习结束后，要求学生撰写200字以上的实习总结报告。本课程实习成绩为各项实习报告以及实习总结报告成绩的平均分。实习成绩纳入课程期末成绩评定。实习成绩不及格的，取消本课程期末考核资格。本实习手册由实习指导教师完成批改评分后，交教研组签署意见，由教务科纳入学生学习档案存档。2任务一、平面连杆机构的制作一、实习任务与目的平面连杆机构（铰链四杆机构）在生活、生产中广泛应用于动力的传递和运动形式的改变。掌握简单平面连杆机构的结构及其运动特性，是学习常用机构的基础和前提。本实习任务要求同学们利用钢丝钳、尖嘴钳等家庭常备的工具，按照规定尺寸，制作出符合要求的平面连杆机构，达到以下实习目的：1、掌握钢丝钳、尖嘴钳的使用方法；2、掌握铁丝捆扎的技巧；3、掌握平面连杆机构的结构；4、掌握平面连杆机构的演化；5、掌握平面连杆机构的运动特性。二、实习场所与器材本实习项目可以安排在钳工实训室、学生教室等场所进行。为防止加工时铁丝划伤他人，各个工位之间应保留恰当的间隙。每位实习学生需要纱布手套一双，钢丝钳一把、尖嘴钳一把，普通铁丝约1.5米。每五名实习学生配备钢尺一把。项目结束后钢尺、钢丝钳、尖嘴钳由实习指导教师回收，纱布手套、实习作品由学生保留，优秀作品可选作《机械基础》课程教具。三、课时分配1、实习内容与要求讲解：0.5课时；2、钢丝钳、尖嘴钳的结构与使用方法介绍：0.5课时；3、铁丝的剪切与捆扎：1课时；4、平面连杆机构制作：3课时；5、学生作品检查、返工、评分：1课时。3四、实习具体内容1、钢丝钳、尖嘴钳的结构与使用方法介绍（1）齿口：可用来紧固或拧松螺母；（2）刀口：可用来剖切软电线的橡皮或塑料绝缘层，也可用来剪切电线、铁丝；（3）铡口：可以用来切断电线、钢丝等较硬的金属线；（4）钳柄：用于持握和加工；（5）绝缘塑料管：耐压500V以上，有了它可以带电剪切电线。使用中，切忌乱扔。以免损坏绝缘塑料管。尖嘴钳由于头部较尖，常用于狭小空间的操作，以及较为精细的操作。钳子的握持方法：钢丝钳、尖嘴钳在使用过程中有单手握持法与双手握持法两种，无论哪种握法在剪切金属丝时均应握持钢丝钳的中后部，这样剪切起来可以省力。对多数人来说习惯用右手握持钳子，剪切较粗金属丝时，左手可起辅助作用。如用右手握持钳子，钳子的切口应朝向左侧，这样有利于剪切时观察、确定剪切的部位，便于顺利完成剪切操作。钳子的使用方法：钢丝钳是一种夹钳和剪切工具、其外形如右图。钢丝钳由钳头和钳柄组成，钳头包括钳口、齿口、刀口、和铡口。钳子的各部位的作用是：尖嘴钳又叫修口钳，主要用来剪切线径较细的单股与多股电线、细铁丝等，以及给单股电线接头弯圈、剥塑料绝缘层等，它是电工常用的工具之一。其外形如图。4使用钢丝钳剪切金属丝时，应使用钢丝钳切口的根部，剪切的过程中可单手或双手握住钢丝钳的后部，再用力剪切。用钢丝钳进行扭转操作时，可使用钢丝钳有凹槽的部分，这样夹持部位可产生较大的阻力，扭转时不易打滑。用钢丝钳夹住或扭转螺母时，可使用钢丝钳前端的平整部分，这样扭转时不会损耗螺母的棱角。如使用钳口的有凹槽的部分，夹持与扭转过程中易损坏螺母的棱角。使用注意事项：（1）不要将钳子随意放置，以防坠落伤人；（2）钳子材质硬而脆，切勿把钳子当锤子使；（3）在剪切崩紧的金属线时，必须要用一只手抓紧剪切刃口外侧的金属线，防止被剪断的金属线弹伤；（4）不可用钳子剪切双股带电电线，破损的钳子不得带电作业。2、铁丝的剪切与捆扎（1）铁丝加工过程中，须带纱布手套以防止铁丝划伤。剪取长度为15CM的铁丝6根，将其加工成大致如下形状，要求6根铁丝形状统一，且其中弯曲部分直径不超过1.5CM，弯头朝内，可不闭合。（2）剪取适当长度的铁丝二根，将6根已经加工成型的铁丝分别在上下两处捆扎在一起，要求用于捆扎的铁丝缠绕3周以上，捆扎紧密、牢固，美观，端头平伏，且6根铁丝弯头分布均匀、整齐。3、平面连杆机构制作要求学生根据题目要求，独立完成实习任务。学生依据学号（或座次）分别选择一个题目进行制作。其中各个杆的长度不包含铁丝用于制作铰链部分的长度，铰链的制作方法由学生自由设计。各个四杆机构形状及尺寸要求如下图所示：（1）AB=10CMBC=35CMCD=20CMDA=40CMABCD5（2）AB=60CMC:滑块（自行设计）CD=15CMDA=40CM（3）AB=CD=20CM