小升初语法专题---能力解题指导 34页

小学英语完形填空解题技巧指导与练习第一讲：完形填空解题指导完形填空是考常见的一种题型，这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读，也是小学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考察对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。很多孩子反应英语的完形填空题很难，其实只要掌握一些解题方法，做这类题目就不难了。下面是对完形填空题的解题指导，希望对同学们有帮助。方法一：重视首句获信息重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。例题1.Atourschool，wesometimeshaveaspecialdaytohelpothers.Lastyearwewenttoanoldpeople’s1andsangsongsandperformedaplayfor2.Theoldpeoplewerevery3.Weshouldbeallowedtotaketimetodothingslikethatmoreoften.Forexample，weshould4primaryschoolsandhelp5youngstudents.Iwanttobeateacher6I’moldersoitwouldbeagreatexperienceforme.Otherstudentswouldliketodootherjobs.Forexample，myfriendTianGewantsto7foranewspaper.Sheshouldbeallowedtovolunteeratthenewspaperofficeonceaweek.()1.A.homeB.bankC.shopD.river()2.A.usB.themC.himD.her()3.A.greatB.angryC.smartD.happy()4.A.buyB.haveC.visitD.build()5.A.tellB.askC.teachD.find()6.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why()7.A.writeB.waitC.lookD.pay首句Atourschool，wesometimeshaveaspecialdaytohelpothers.有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。有助于我们理解全文。甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认1空应添单词home.(Keys：1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.B7.A)方法二：通读全文知大意例题2.Mr.Johnsonhadafactory.Heonce1onTVthatanimalscouldbetaughtto2someworkforpeopleiftheyweregiven3toeat.Helovedtheidea.Hethoughtitwouldbe4tohaveadoglookafterhis5andanelephantdosomeheavyjobs6hisfactory.Heboughtadog7anelephantinthemarketanddecidedtoteachthemtodosomeworkforhim.Ofcourse.he8boughtalotoffoodforthem.Severalmonthslater，thedogandtheelephant9fatterandfatter，butthey10doanyworkforhim.Atlast，Mr.Johnsonhadtogiveup.()1.A.sawB.askedC.met()2.A.makeB.doC.1et()3.A.someoneB.nothingC.something()4.A.badB.goodC.1ate()5.A.houseB.shirtC.eyes()6.A.inB.aboveC.under()7.A.butB.orC.and()8.A.alsoB.neverC.yet()9.A.smeltB.soundedC.became()10.A.mustn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’t运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过一到两遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现，比如2空填do，3空填something或food，5空填home或house或hisfactory，7空填and等等。[注]此时不要急于确定答案!(Keys：1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.C10.B)方法三：复读全文验答案把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。[注]很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。猜想试题阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。例题3.MysonJoeywasbornwithclubfeet.Thedoctorssaidthatwithtreatmenthewouldbeabletowalk，butwouldneverrunverywell.Thefirstthreeyearsofhislifewas1inhospital.Bythetimehewaseight，youwouldn’tknowhehasaproblemwhenyousawhim2.Childreninourneighborhoodalwaysranaround3theirplay，andJoeywouldjumpandranandplay，4.Wenevertoldhimthatheprobablywouldn’tbe5torunliketheotherchildren.Sohedidn’tknow.In6gradehedecidedtojointheschoolrunningteam.Everydayhetrained.Heranmorethananyoftheothers，7onlythetopsevenrunnerswouldbechosentorunforthe8.Wedidn’ttellhimheprobablywouldnevermaketheteam，sohedidn’tknow.Heranfourtofivemileeveryday-evenwhenhehadafever.Iwas9，soIwentto10forhimafterschool.Ifoundhimrunning.Iaskedhimhowhefelt.“Okay，”hesaid.Hehastwomoremilestogo.Yethelookedstraightaheadandkeptrunning.()1.A.spentB.takenC.costD.paid()2.A.talkB.sitC.studyD.walk()3.A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.till()4.A.eitherB.tooC.thoughD.yet()5.A.ableB.sorryC.gladD.afraid()6.A.sixthB.seventhC.eighthD.ninth()7.A.soB.ifC.thenD.because()8.A.neighborB.familyC.schoolD.grade()9.A.excitedB.tiredC.pleasedD.worried()10.A.thinkB.hearC.agreeD.look(Keys：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A6.B7.D8.C9.D10.D)方法四：全面考虑定选项整体理解短文、把握中心并根据文中线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)由易到难地做出选择。[注]不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现。例题4.ShirleyYeatsiscertainlyaverybravewoman!Attheageofsixty-seven，she1totakeatriproundthecoast(海岸)ofMalaysia.Everythingwasfine2oneday，asshewasgoingbacktoherroomonthe3，shesawsmokecomingoutofanotherroom.She4thecaptainfromherroomatonceandtoldhimaboutthefire.Thenshewentupondeck(甲板)tosee5shecoulddotohelp.Thefirespread(蔓延)veryquicklyandsoon6wascompletelyoutofcontrol.Thecaptaindecidedtogetallthepassengersoutas7aspossible.()1.A.stoppedB.usedC.hadD.decided()2.A.sinceB.afterC.untilD.before()3.A.wayB.shipC.landD.road()4.A.phonedB.toldC.askedD.ordered()5.A.ifB.howC.whatD.where()6.A.sheB.heC.thatD.it()7.A.quicklyB.muchC.wellD.usually1.由上下文可知她决定去旅游，decidedtodosth.意为“决定做某事”。2.根据下文可知直到火灾发生的那一天情况一切正常。3.从下文的captain，deck，可确定她是乘船去旅游。4.由下文的fromherroom可知她马上打电话将情况告诉了船长。5.根据上下文可知她走上甲板去看看能不能帮忙做点儿什么。6.由上文的Thefirespreadveryquickly，可知大火无法控制了。7.asquicklyas意为“尽快地”(Keys：1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A)习题专练一ADearBetty,Howareyou?It’sveryniceofyoutowrite1me.2yourletterIknowalot3youandyourschoolnow.Iwilltellyou4aboutmeandmyschool.Iameleven5old.I’min6atJinlingPrimarySchool.Mymotherisa7.SheteachesMaths.Myfatherisan8.He’sgoodathiswork.There91500studentsand100teachersinourschool.Ourclassroomisbigandbright.Pleasecomeandhavealook10ourschoolifyouhavetime.Yours,Susan()1.A.forB.toC.fromD.in()2.A.ForB.ToC.FromD.About()3.A.inB.aboutC.withD.at()4.A.somethingB.anythingC.sometimesD.someone()5.A.yearB./C.yearsD.ag