专题16.3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期）（解析版）

2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019•江西省中考】Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue（舌头）tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?＂WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(图像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironmentWhenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.＂Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?＂It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,,muchmorethanIusuallydo.＂Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨头)asakid.＂Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?＂Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes,it’sinthemind.＂1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachthepersonsears.A.b-a-c-dB.b-d-a-cC.a-b-d-cD.b-a-d-c3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.【文章大意】文章介绍了DanielKish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。1.C【解析】段落大意题。根据Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌头)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。2.D【解析】顺序排列题。根据Imakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.hesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选D。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据MuchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagineIhaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨头)asakid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选A。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了DanielKish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选C。【点睛】短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题1段落大意题。根据Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌头)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(声呐).不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。（二）【2019•天津市中考】Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血压).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas＂lazy＂.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep.theyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaasanexpert(专家)insleep.Hesays,＂Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.Whenyousleepless.youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldtsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard.’＂Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid.＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂5.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto.A.eathealthyfoodeverydayB.takeexcrciscasmuchaspossibleC.getmedicalhelpwhene