XXXX经济学家期刊文章精选20篇

2011经济学家期刊文章精选20篇(考研英语专用，含参考译文)1、EducationSnootyorwhat?Oct14th2004FromTheEconomistprinteditionInvertedsnobberypreventsgoodteachersgoingwherethey'reneededAclevermanwantstodoagoodthing,butthewickedgovernmentstopshim.Thatisthescandalous-soundingstoryofthedifficultiesencounteredbyTristramJones-Parry,headoffee-payingWestminsterSchool,oneofthebestinthecountry.Heretiresnextyearandwantstohelpteachmathsinastateschool.Washewelcomedwithopenarms?No.Hewastold,hecomplains,thathewouldneedretrainingforthestatesystem.ItwasasimilarstoryforDavidWolfe,aretiredAmericanphysicsprofessorwhoteachesinaBritishstateschool.HesaidthisweekthattheauthoritiestoldhimtosittheGCSEmathsexamnormallytakenby16-year-oldsifhewantedtocontinue.Thesystemisnotquiteasinsaneasthismightsuggest.Therulesthatrequirestate-schoolteacherstobeformallyqualifieddohaveexceptions.TheTeacherTrainingAgencyinsiststhatMrJones-Parrycouldgainhisticketinjustaday,byhavinganassessorfromthestatesystemobservehisworkatWestminster(arequirementscarcelylessludicrousthanthesupposeddemandforretraining).MrWolfe'sAmericanPhDwouldcountasanequivalenttotheGCSEmathspassnormallyrequired.Sohewouldscrapebyaswell.TheGeneralTeachingCouncil,anotherquango,hasnowapologisedtoMrJones-Parryforgivinghimthewronginformationatfirst,andthenleavinghisfollow-upletterunansweredforsixweeks.Therealstoryisthegulfbetweenthetwokindsofschool.HeadslikeMrJones-Parryhireteacherswithgoodacademiccredentialsbutnotnecessarilywithstatequalifications.State-schoolhiringiscloselyregulated;theirteachersneedtobeexpertform-fillersandjargon-wielders,andaremuchlesslikelytohavegooddegrees:indeedonly38%ofstate-schoolmathsteachershaveadegreeinthesubject;inindependentschools,63%do.Soit'snotsurprisingthatprivate-schoolteachersthinkeventhemostnominalbarrierstotheirteachinginstateschoolsareoffensiveandsilly.Theothersiderespondsinkind:teachingunionsthisweeksaidsnidelythatMrJones-Parrymightbegoodatteachingadvancedmathstowell-behavedbrightkids,butwouldnotnecessarilyknowhowtoteachsimplesumstorowdy,dimones.Perhaps.Butmanystate-schoolparentsdesperatelyseekingbettermathsteachingfortheirchildrenmightconsiderthatriskrathersmall.2、ParentsandchildrenFamilyvaluesSep30th2004FromTheEconomistprinteditionRichkidshavelittletimefortheirelderlyparents.Theingratitude!WHYwasKingLeartreatedsocruellybyhisdaughters?Untilrecently,mostoftheanswershavecomefromscholarswithscantknowledgeofeconomictheory.Fortunately,JohnErmisch,anEssexeconomist,isworkingtoremedythisdeficiency.Hisresearchproveswhatmanyparentshavelongsuspected—thatincreasedwealthgoesalongwithfilialingratitude.–TopicsentenceUsingdatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurvey,MrErmischshowsthataffluentparentsareslightlymorelikelytosupplyoffspringwithmoneyandhelpwithchild-rearingthanpoorparents.Butsuccessseemstohavepreciselytheoppositeeffectonchildren.Themerepossessionofauniversitydegreemakeschildren20%lesslikelytophonetheirmothersregularly,andmorethan50%lesslikelytopaythemavisit.Thisispuzzlingbecauseself-interestedchildrenmightbeexpectedtobehaveinpreciselytheoppositeway.Mostwealthypeoplearedescendedfromwealthyparents,whichmeanstheyhavealotofpatrimonytolosebycuttingbackonthefawning.“Nothingwillcomeofnothing,”asapre-retirementandstillsaneKingLearputitwhenhisyoungestdaughterdaredtowithholdheraffections.Sowhyarerichkidssuchbrats?Therearetwolikelyexplanations.Thefirstisthat,astheirincomerises,themarginalcostofprovidingservicesgoesup.Itsimplyisn'tworththeirwhiletohelpwiththeshopping,particularlysinceaffluencetendstoincreasedistancesbetweenparentsandchildren.And,sincepersonalcontactcorrelateswithtelephonecontact,theyarelesslikelytophone,too.Outofsight,outofmind.Anotheranswercomesfromanobscurebranchofeconomicsknownasstrategicbequesttheory.Thispredictsthatchildrenwillprovideonlyenoughservicestoensuretheygetareasonableshareoftheinheritance.Butthatpointisreachedsoonerbythosewhohaveonlyonesiblingrival,ornoneatall.Wealthierfamilies,whichtendtobesmaller,simplyfailtoensuretheoptimumamountofcompetition.Giventheseironlaws,whatareparentssupposedtodo?Goodresultsmightbeachievedbyhavingmorechildren,orexpressingasuddeninterestinthelocalcats'home.ButMrErmischisnotoptimistic.“Theonlythingtheycandoisfollowtheirchildrenaround,”hesays.Anddon'tmakeKingLear'smistakebyhandingoverthecashfirst.3、TheinternetAliveandkickingSep23rd2004FromTheEconomistprinteditionCompetitionstillexistsonthewebJUSTwhenyouthoughtyouknewtheweb,alongcomenewcompetitorstokeepthingsinteresting.OnSeptember15th,anewsearchenginecalledA9.comwasunveiledbyAmazon,thegiantinternetretailer.ItrepackagesGoogle'ssearchresults,butwithusefultweaks.Searchesnotonlycallupwebsitesandimagesonthesamepage,butotherreferences,suchasAmazon'sbooksearch,theInternetMovieDatabase,andencyclopaediaanddictionaryreferences.Moreover,itkeepstrackofusers'searchhistories—animportantinnovationassearchbecomesmorepersonalised.ManyhadassumedthemarketwasstitchedupbyGoogleandYahoo!(whoaccountforover90%ofsearches),barringtheexpectedentranceofMicrosoft.Likewise,themarketforonlinemusicseemedsettled:Apple'siTunesi