基于GIS的关中_天水经济区水资源承载力评价

286201011AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasVol.28No.6Nov.2010:20100504:(2009JJD770025);(40771019):(1984),,,,GISGIS-王美霞,任志远,王永明,郭斌(,710062):采用定量分析方法,并借助GIS技术,分析关中-天水经济区栅格尺度上的水资源开发潜力,并对各区县的水资源承载力进行分析评价结果发现:该经济区整体上水资源负载指数较大,为14.19,表明水资源利用程度较高,开发潜力小,仅关中西部和南部的部分地区水资源开发潜力还较大;关中天水经济区水资源超载状况较为严重,平均人口超载率为422.40%,多数区县水资源承载力指数(WCCI)远大于1,实际人口数量远超过水资源可承载的人口数量,只有少数地区WCCI接近或小于1,即处于人水平衡或水资源盈余状态针对不同地区的水资源承载状况,提出相应的应对措施:水资源承载力;水资源开发潜力;GIS;关中天水经济区:F323.213:A:10007601(2010)06022206,,[1],!,[2,3]2080,20,[4~14],,∀!#,GIS,,GIS,,1∀!#,-,,120.09m3,57.53m3,52.84m3,124.44m3,1033.56m3/,48.81%,9.47%52.81m3,51.19m3,10.24m3/a,8.46m3/a,33.72m3/a,0.64m3/a22.1GDP,,1997~2006,1997~2006∀#∀!#2006,2007∀#∀#,GDP2000,Albers,1km∃1km,2.2GIS,∀#,,()2.2.1水资源负载指数,[15]:C=KP%G/W(1),C;P();GGDP();W(m3);K,,R(mm):K=1.0R&2001.0-0.1(R-200)/200200R&4000.9-0.2(R-400)/400400R&8000.7-0.2(R-800)/800800R&16000.5R1600(2)(1)(2),ArcGIS9.21,ArcGIS9.2GDP,GDP,Kriging,,100m∃100m,(1)(2),,5,11Table1EvaluationclassificationforthecarryingindexofwaterresourcesRankCCvalueDegreeofwaterresourcesutilizationEvaluationofwaterresourcesdevelopment∋10,Veryhigh,withverylowpotentialInterbasinwaterdiversionifpossible(5~10,High,withlowpotentialHardtodevelop)2~5,Middlelevel,withmoderatepotentialMiddlelevelofdevelopment∗1~2,Relativelylow,withhighpotentialSlightlyeasytodevelop+1,Low,withveryhighpotential,Buildingsmallwaterconservancyprojects,easytodevelop1Fig.1Therouteofcalculatingthecarryingindexofwaterresources2236:GIS-2.2.2水资源承载力和水资源承载指数(WCC),()()(/km2):WCC=W/WPC(3),WCC(/km2);W(m3);WPC(500m3/)(WCCI)()(),:WCCI=Pa/WCCRp=(Pa-WCC)/WCC∃100%=(WCCI-1)∃100%(4)Rw=(WCC-Pa)/WCC∃100%=(1-WCCI)∃100%,WCCI;WCC;Pa;Rp;Rw2(WCCI)Table2EvaluationforwaterresourcescarryingcapacitybasedonTypeWaterresourcescarryingcapacityAssessmentindexofwaterresourcescarryingcapacityWCCIOverloadingrateofpopulationRateofwatersurplusWatersurplusRichthantherich0.33RW,67%Rich0.33~0.5050%&RW67%Surplus0.50~0.6733%&RW50%BalanceSuperabundant0.67~1.000&RW33%Criticaloverloading1.00~1.330&RP33%WateroverloadOverloading1.33~2.0033%RP&100%Moreoverloading2.00~5.00100%RP&400%Severeoverloading5.00RP400%33.1(1)(2)100m∃100m-(2),,,,14.19,I,,2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,V,,750.15mm,,IVV,,,,,3.23.2.1基于分县尺度的水资源承载力500m3/,(3),(3),,;,;22428,WCC979.66,20062324.65,3,,106.27;,80.9569.63;,1.822Fig.2Thespatialdistributionofthecarryingindexofwaterresourcesongridscale3()Fig.3ThewaterresourcescarryingcapacityoncountyscaleWCC120.83,2006145.38,2256:GIS-32.9830.30,200654.5245.25,29.2228.32,200630.1111.50,,,WCC157.20,2006352.34,3,,52.3236.73,21.18,7.907.973.2.2基于分县尺度的水资源承载力评价,(4),(WCCI)WCCI5.22,422.40%WCCI5.84,483.70%WCCI1.18,18%WCCI3.51,250.94%(2),4,4739,3,5,2,,7,6,,-,4Fig.4Evaluationforwaterresourcescarryingcapacityoncountyscale4,-,,,1),,,,,,226282),,,,,,,,3),,,,,-,,,GIS,,:[1],,,.4[J].,2009,26(1):115119.[2],,.[J].,2002,21(2):180188.[3],.[J].,2007,14(3):341342,345.[4],,.[J].,2004,26(2):1722.[5],,,.[J].,2009,16(1):245249.[6],.:[J].,2002,17(3):262269.[7],,,.[J].,2009,24(5):859870.[8],,,.[J].,2000,21(2):2023.[9],,,.[J].,2009,41(2):6670.[10],.[J].,2006,21(5):689699.[11],,,.SD[J].,2008,(3):2023.[12],,,.[J].,2001,20(2):191198.[13],,.[J].,2008,(2):1719.[14],,,.GIS[J].,2007,22(4):664671.[15],,.[J].,2008,30(10):14711477.EvaluationofwaterresourcescarryingcapacitybasedonGIStechniquesinGuanzhongtianshuiEconomicZoneWANGMeixia,RENZhiyuan,WANGYongming,GUOBin(CollegeofTourismandEnvironmentalSciences,ShaanxiNormalUniversity,Xi−an,Shaanxi710062,China)Abstract:ByusingthequantitativeanalysismethodandGIStechnology,waterresourcesdevelopmentpotentialongridscalewasanalyzedinthestudyarea,andalsowaterresourcescarryingstateofallcountiesintheareawasanalysedandevaluated.Theresultsshowedthat:theoverallcarryingindexofwaterresourcesinGuanzhongtianshuiEconomicZone,thatwas14.19,washigh,meaningahighdegreeofwaterresourcesutilizationandsmalldevelopmentpotential.OnlyinthewesternandsomesouthernregionsofGuanzhong,thewaterresourcesdevelopmentpotentialwashigh.Inaddition,thephenomenonofwateroverloadingwasveryseriousinthezone,andtheaveragerateofpopulationoverloadingwas422.40percent.Inmostcounties,theindexofwaterresourcescarryingcapacity(WCCI)wasmuchgreaterthan1,meaningtheactualpopulationwasmuchmorethanthatthewatercouldcarry,whileonlyafewareas,whereWCCIwasclosetoorlessthan1,belongedtothedistrictsofwaterbalanceorsurplus.Accordingtowaterresourcescarryingconditionindifferentregions,correspondingcountermeasureswasfinallyputforward.Keywords:waterresourcescarryingcapacity;waterresourcesdevelopmentpotential;GIS;GuanzhongtianshuiEconomicZone2276:GIS-