4×200MW火力发电厂电气一次部分设计-张宁

摘要阳泉桃东发电厂为一煤矿的发电厂，对整个煤矿来说是最重要的。发出的电为整个煤矿供电。该煤矿也是阳泉市主要的煤矿，是阳泉经济发展的重要动力。阳泉境内煤炭总储量100.77亿吨，以高变质年轻无烟煤及贫煤为主。另外，本市尚有大量风化煤、瓦斯和煤成气资源可供开采利用。发电厂是电力系统的重要组成部分，它直接影响整个电力系统的安全与经济。发电厂的作用是将其他形式的能量转化成电能。按能量转化形式大体分为火力发电厂，水力发电厂，核能发电厂和风力发电场。电气主接线是发电厂电气设计的首要部分，也是构成电力系统的重要环节。主接线的确定对电力系统整体及发电厂、变电所本身的运行的可靠性、灵活性和经济性密切相关。本次设计遵守了发电厂设计规范，通过对发电厂电气主接线、厂用电接线、有关短路电流的计算、电气设备选择及校验、继电保护、以及防雷保护的设计，简要完成了4×200MW火力发电厂电气一次部分的设计。将四台发电机全部升压接入220kV电网，简化了电网结构及电气主接线，省去了升高电压级之间的联络变压器，降低了变压器损耗。关键词：发电厂，电气主接线，继电保护，防雷保护AbstractYangquanpowerplantasacoalpowerplant,eastisthemostimportantforthewholecoalmine.Theelectricityforthewholecoalminepowersupply.ThemineisalsoamajorcoalmineinYangquancity,isanimportantmotivationofYangquaneconomicdevelopment.Yangquancoalwithintheterritoryofthetotalreservesof10.077billiontons,mainlyyounghighmetamorphismanthracitecoalandleancoal.Inaddition,thiscityhasalotofweatheredcoal,gasandcoal-derivedgasresourcesavailableforexploitation.Powerplantsisanimportantpartofpowersystem,itdirectlyaffectsthewholepowersystemsecurityandeconomic.Istheroleofplantsinotherformsofenergyintoelectricity.Accordingtotheformsofenergyconversioncanbedividedintothermalpowerplant,hydroelectricpowerstation,nuclearpowerplantsandwindfarms.Themainelectricalwiringisthefirstpartofpowerplant,substationelectricaldesign,isalsoconstituteanimportantpartofthepowersystem.Determinationofthemainwiringofelectricpowersystemasawholeandtherunningreliabilityofpowerplants,substationitself,flexibilityandeconomyarecloselyrelated.Thedesigncomplywiththepowerplantdesignspecifications,andthroughthepowerplant,themainelectricalwiring,auxiliarypowerwiringandtheshort-circuitcurrentcalculation,electricalequipmentselectionandcalibration,relatedtorelayprotectionandlightningprotectiondesign,briefcompletedthe4x200MWcoal-firedpowerplantelectricalpartofthedesignatatime.Allfourgeneratorstep-upaccess220KVpowergrids,simplifiesthenetworkstructureandthemainelectricalwiring,savethecontactbetweenthehighervoltageleveltransformer,reducethelossofthetransformer.Keywords:Powerplants,mainelectricalconnection,protectiverelaying,lightningprotectI目录第1章发电厂设计基本概述..........................................................11.1发电厂设计原始资料……….………….…..…………………..11.2设计目的与原则..………………………..……………..……….2第2章发电厂主接线的确定..........................................................32.1主接线设计基本要求……………………………..…………….32.2方案的拟定………………………………………………..….…32.3发电机型号的选择………………………...…………………...62.4主变压器的选择…...……………………………………………7第3章厂用电的设计..................................................................83.1厂用电接线的要求………...……………………...……………83.2厂用电接线设计原则…………………………………..………83.3厂用供电电源……………………………………………………93.3.1厂用工作电源……………………………………..…….93.3.2厂用备用电源……………………………………..…….93.4厂用电接线的确定………………………………………….…103.5厂用电主变压器选择……………………………………..…..113.5.1主变选择原则………………………………………….113.5.2厂用电主变型号确定……………………….…….…..12第4章短路电流的计算..............................................................134.1短路电流计算目的……………………………..………….....134.2短路电流的计算……………………………………..…….....134.2.1短路电流计算方法………………..…………………..144.2.2求短路电流……...…………………..……..………….174.2.3短路电流计算结果………………………..…………..27II第5章电气设备的选择与校验...................................................285.1电气设备选择的一般条件.………………………..….……..285.2回路最大持续工作电流………………………………….......285.3高压断路器和隔离开关的选择与校验……………………..295.3.1高压断路器选择与校验……………………………...305.3.2隔离开关选择与校验…………………………..……...335.4互感器的原理及选择……………………..…………………..365.4.1电流互感器的选择及校验…………………….……..375.4.2电压互感器的选择及校验…………………………...42第6章发电厂继电保护.............................................................476.1变压器保护………………………………………………........476.1.1变压器纵差动保护…………………………………....476.1.2变压器过电流保护…………………………..………..496.1.3变压器的瓦斯保护…………………………………....496.2发电机保护………………………………………………….....506.2.1发电机纵差动保护…………………………..………..50第7章防雷保护........................................................................517.1架空输电线路的防雷保护……………………………….…..517.2发电厂直击雷保护………………………………..…………..517.3发电机的防雷保护………………………………..…………..537.4变压器防雷保护……………………………...……………....537.5母线防雷保护………………………………...……………….54参考文献....................................................................................55结论.......................................................................................56致谢.......................................................................................57附录一.......................................................................................58附录二.......................................................................................59IContentsChapterⅠBasicoverviewofpowerplantdesign............................11.1Therawdataofthepowerplantdesign………………………….11.2Designpurposeandprinciple……………………………………..2ChapterⅡThedeterminationofmaingeneratorwiring…………...32.1Mainwiringdesignbasicrequirements………………………….32.2Schemeoftheproposed…………………………………………...32.3Generatormodelsofchoice……………………………………….62.4Thechoiceofthemaintransformer……………………………...7ChapterⅢThedesignoftheauxiliarypower………………………...83.1Auxiliarypowerwiringrequirements……………………………83.2Auxiliarypowerwiringdesignprinciples……………………….83.3Factorywiththepowersupply…………………………………...93.3.1Factoryworkwithpowersupply…………………………..93.3.2Factorywithstandbypower………………………………..93.