支原体-Microbiologyincludes

DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityMedicalMicrobiology医学微生物学DepartmentofMicrobiology,HMU哈尔滨医科大学微生物学教研室第二篇致病性细菌第26章支原体Mycoplasma微生物学教研室翟爱霞DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity教学大纲掌握内容支原体的概念肺炎支原体致病性与免疫性了解内容支原体与细菌L型的异同点DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity问题什么是支原体？支原体与细菌L型有那些异同点？DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity支原体（Mycoplasma）无细胞壁能在培养基中生长繁殖最小的原核细胞型微生物DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity支原体科支原体属肺炎支原体原发性非典型性肺炎人型支原体泌尿生殖道感染脲原体属解脲脲原体泌尿生殖道感染DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity形态与结构没有细胞壁具高度多形态性能通过除菌滤器Giemsa染色呈淡紫色DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity培养特性需氧和兼性厌氧营养要求较高繁殖较慢油煎蛋样的菌落DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity支原体与细菌L型的区别性状支原体细菌L型细胞壁无无通过滤菌器能能对青霉素敏感性不敏感不敏感来源自然界、人与动物体内在一定条件下诱导细菌形成遗传性与细菌无关与原菌相同，去除诱导因素后，可回复为原菌培养含胆固醇培养基大多需高渗培养支原体属MycoplasmaDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity支原体属支原体致病性肺炎支原体原发性非典型肺炎人型支原体泌尿生殖道感染生殖器支原体泌尿生殖道感染穿透支原体多见于艾滋病发酵支原体泌尿生殖道感染DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity生物学性状无细胞壁二分裂方式繁殖典型菌落呈油煎蛋样DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity致病作用在呼吸道粘膜表面寄生吸附于宿主细胞神经氨酸酶受体上代谢产物和酶类迟发型超敏反应DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity所致疾病－支原体肺炎传播途径经飞沫传播发病年龄儿童及青少年多见潜伏期2－3WDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity所致疾病－支原体肺炎临床表现发热（约39℃）、头痛持续性顽固咳嗽、胸痛等DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity免疫性呼吸道sIgA对再感染有一定防御作用非特异冷凝集素DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity微生物学检查分离培养血清学检查快速诊断法DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity防治原则对红霉素、四环素或螺旋霉素敏感灭活或减毒活疫苗的应用效果尚不理想脲原体属DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity脲原体属解脲脲原体（U.urealyticum）非淋菌性尿道炎（nongonococcalurethritis，NGU）性传播疾病DepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversityDepartmentofMicrobiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity小结支原体的概念肺炎支原体的致病性