赏析版XXXX年3月经济学人文章(英汉双语对照)汇集

经济学人中文网1赏析版2013年3月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集ContentsQuantumGasGoesbelowAbsoluteZero.........................................................................................1[2013.03.02]Theworkshopheroes美国与二战：车里的英雄.....................................................3[2013.03.02]Specialreport:EmergingAfrica崛起的非洲............................................................7[2013.０3.０2]Lexington:TheviewfromMainestreets................................................................13[2013.03.02]Thepennydrops一美分硬币终将退出市场........................................................16[2013.03.02]Obsessions那些痴狂...............................................................................................18[2013.03.02]Cuba’sleaders:Thenewman古巴政坛新星..........................................................21[2013.03.02]Ahardpounding,this军工行业遭受重击...............................................................25[2013.03.07]Timedout是时候和《时代》说分手了.................................................................31[2013.03.09]Netbenefits网络净收益...........................................................................................33[2013.03.09]Nowforthereckoning下面，让咱们来算算总账吧.............................................37[2013.03.09]Fixingthefatcats修理肥猫..................................................................................48[2013.03.09]Flightsoffancy从幻想到空中翱翔........................................................................50[2013.03.13]Toawarfooting朝鲜半岛正在走向战争...............................................................53[2013.03.16]SiliconSpringbreak硅谷狂欢................................................................................55[2013.03.16]LookingforIndia’sZuckerberg寻找印度的扎克伯格...........................................59[2013.03.16]RussiaafterStalin斯大林离去后的俄罗斯............................................................62[2013.03.16]High,wideorhandsome?..........................................................................................65[2013.03.16]Creditwatch信贷观察..............................................................................................69[2013-03-16]Theeconomy美国竞争力报道－经济...............................................................72[2013.03.16]Immigration:Owngoal移民问题：美国自摆乌龙..............................................77[2013.03.23]TheAlibabaphenomenon阿里巴巴现象.................................................................84[2013.03.23]Vape’emifyougot’em拿到手，吸两口..............................................................88[2013.03.23]Thejoyofstats玩转统计学....................................................................................90[2013.03.23]Herecomesthecavalry救兵来也............................................................................93[2013.03.30]CanIndiabecomeagreatpower?印度能成为大国吗？.........................................95[2013.03.23]Thepriceofdetachment退居二线的代价..............................................................98[2013.03.30]Bottomsup经济转型：基本面分析......................................................................102America’sJOBSActStillnotworking.........................................................................................106经济学人中文网1QuantumGasGoesbelowAbsoluteZero【导读】根据热力学原理，绝对零度是不可达到的；但最新研究结果表明，事实并非如此……QuantumGasGoesbelowAbsoluteZero量子气体的温度达到绝对零度以下时间:2013-01-1415:17来源:环球科学Ultracoldatomspavewayfornegative-Kelvinmaterials超冷原子为负绝对温度材料铺平了道路Temperatureinagascanreachbelowabsolutezerothankstoaquirkofquantumphysics.Image:PHOTOCREOMichalBednarek/Thinkstock量子物理的一种反常现象可以让某种气体的温度达到绝对零度以下照片来自PHOTOCREOMichalBednarek/ThinkstockFromNaturemagazine本文选自《自然》杂志Itmaysoundlesslikelythanhellfreezingover,butphysicistshavecreatedanatomicgaswithasub-absolute-zerotemperatureforthefirsttime.Theirtechniqueopensthedoortogeneratingnegative-Kelvinmaterialsandnewquantumdevices,anditcouldevenhelptosolveacosmologicalmystery.这话听起来比地狱冰封了还不靠谱，但物理学家们已经史无前例地创造了一种温度低于绝对零度的原子气体。他们的方法为制造负开氏温度的材料和新型量子仪器打开了大门，而且还可能有助于解决一个宇宙学的千古谜团。LordKelvindefinedtheabsolutetemperaturescaleinthemid-1800sinsuchawaythatnothingcouldbecolderthanabsolutezero.Physicistslaterrealizedthattheabsolutetemperatureofagasisrelatedtotheaverageenergyofitsparticles.Absolutezerocorrespondstothetheoreticalstateinwhichparticleshavenoenergyatall,andhighertemperaturescorrespondtohigheraverageenergies.19世纪中叶，开尔文勋爵（LordKelvin）认为任何物体的温度都不可能达到绝对零度以下，并以此定义了绝对温标。物理学家们后来意识到，某种气体的绝对温度与其粒子的平均动能相关。绝对零度对应于粒子完全没有动能的理论状态；较高的温度对应于较高的平均动能。However,bythe1950s,physicistsworkingwithmoreexoticsystemsbegantorealisethatthisisn'talwaystrue:Technically,youreadoffthetemperatureofasystemfromagraphthatplotstheprobabilitiesofitsparticlesbeingfoundwithcertainenergies.Normally,mostparticleshaveaverageornear-averageenergies,withonlyafewparticleszippingaroundathigherenergies.Intheory,ifthesituationisreversed,withmoreparticleshavinghigher,ratherthanlower,energies,theplotwouldflipoverandthesignofthetemperaturewould经济学人中文网2changefromapositivetoanegativeabsolutetemperature,explainsUlrichSchneider,aphysicistattheLudwigMaximilianUniversityinMunich,Germany.然而到了20世纪50年代，一些研究更不寻常的物质系统