我国居民收入与幸福感关系的研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文我国居民收入与幸福感关系的研究姓名：曹大宇申请学位级别：博士专业：西方经济学指导教师：彭代彦20090524ICGSSII123IIIAbstractIntherecentdecades,foreigneconomists’interestsonsubjectivewell-beinghaveincreasedmuch.Researchesonhappinesshavechallengedontraditionaleconomictheoryandachievedmanynoticeableoutcomes.However,economistsinChinahavedoneveryfewresearchesonthisimportantissue.Forthepurposeofmakingsomecontributionsontheresearchesofsubjectivewell-being,thispaperdidsomeempiricalresearchesontherelationshipbetweenincomeandsubjectivewell-beingofChineseresidents.Thedataofthispapermainlycomefrom“ChinaGeneralSocialSurvey(CGSS)”.Themainmethodofthispaperisthatofeconometrics.Moreover,thispaperusedsomemethodsofexperimentaleconomics.Theresultsofbothmethodscanbecomparedeachother,sotheresultswillbemorepersuasivethanjustusingonemethod.Theresearchoftherelationshipbetweenabsoluteincomeandsubjectivewell-beingindicatedthatabsoluteincomehasastatisticallyprominentimpactonthesubjectivewell-beingofChineseresidentsthoughthedegreeoftheimpactisveryslight.Moreover,theincreaseofabsoluteincomecannotalwayspromotethedegreeofhappiness.Ifabsoluteincomerisesbeyondsomecutpoint,itsincreasewillnotgiveraisetoahigherdegreeofhappiness.Furthermore,absoluteincomehasdifferentimpactstoresidentsofdifferentincomelevel.Theimpactofabsoluteincometohappinessismuchlargertoresidentswhoseincomeisbelowpovertylinethanthoseabovepovertyline.Theresearchoftherelationshipbetweenrelativeincomeandsubjectivewell-beingindicatedthatwhenthinkingoftheeffectofrelativeincome,theimpactofabsoluteincomewillbelower.However,theeffectofrelativeincomewasdifferentwithdifferentreferencegroupofincome.So,relativeincometheorycannotgiveacompleteexplanationtothe“paradoxofhappiness”ofChina.Thisconclusionwasvalidatedbythesurvey-experimentalresearchofthispaper.Theresearchoftherelationshipbetweenregionallygeneralincomelevelandsubjectivewell-beingindicatedthatthereisnoprominentrelationshipbetweengeneralincomelevelandhappinessoftheresidents.However,boththerateofeconomicgrowthIVandincomedistributionhasprominentimpactonhappiness.Thepolicyimplicationofthispaperisimportant.First,astheabsoluteincomeofcommonChineseresidentsisstillverylow,itisimportantforthegovernmenttoincreasetheincomeleveloftheresidentstoincreasethehappinesslevel.Second,whentheincomelevelexceedsthecutpointincome,thegovernmentshouldpaymoreattentiontothingsotherthanabsoluteincome.Third,amoreequalizedincomedistributionpolicywillraisethelevelofhappinessofresidents.Keywords:HappinessSubjectiveWell-BeingAbsoluteIncomeRelativeIncomeResident□_____□“√”111.1Ng1999“”12·(AdamSmith)1..,2008.32“Weholdthesetruthstobe[sacredandundeniable]selfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequalandindependent;thatfromthatequalcreationtheyderiveinrightsinherentandinalienables,amongwhicharethepreservationoflife,andlibertyandthepursuitofhappiness”(Bentham,J)(Mill,J.S)“”45Easterlin1974Easterlin1974“3(Malthus,ThomasR.)AnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation;or,aViewofitsPastandPresentEffectsonHumanHappiness;withanInquiryintoourProspectsrespectingtheFutureRemovalorMitigationofEvilswhichitoccasions4..523”“——”1973-2004ClarkFrijtersandShields200819581991GDP6FreyandStutzer20021991-2002ClarkFrijtersandShields20081.21.2.1Econlit1991-1995462001-200510071Easterlin1974Scitovsky1976JoylessEconomyAnInquiryintoHumanSatisfactionandConsumerDissatisfaction“paradoxofhappiness”67KahnemanandKrueger20064“RIH”“interdependentpreference”“”“”“habitformation”“”“”Frank(1984)Oswald(1997)2ClarkandOswald1994BritishHouseholdPanelStudy19911991WinkelmannandWinkelmann1998GermanSocio-EconomicPanel1984-19895WinkelmannandWinkelmann73GDPGDPDiTellaMacCullochandOswald2003GDPGDP10001985“”27.3%30.9%“”4.8%4.1%GDPGDPGDPGDPGDPDiTellaMacCullochandOswald20011%9%10%0.02842%61“”“”DiTellaMacCullochandOswald2003DiTella1.5%2003%DiTellaMacCullochandOswald20011%0.011%“”“”DiTella1%1.7%4Grahametal(2004)71.2.212200632006200220082008200681.2.312paneldata31.31.3.191.3.21.3.3“”1.42“”“”343510671122.1“”8“”“”9“”“”“”8“”“”“”200220025314119..,2008312(Happiness)Subjectivewell-beingSWB10“”“”111“”“”“”“”2“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”200510Subjectivewell-beingSWBPsychologywell-beingPWB11“”“”“”“”“”“”1312/13“”“”“”“”“”“”“”3“”12.2005:.200413·..200731-32144“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”5“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“experiencedutility”15“decisionutility14”“”“”“”“”“”2.2“”“”“NationalOpinionResearchCenter”GeneralSocialSurveyGSS“——”RonaldInglehartWorldValueSurveyWVS“”WVS14Kahneman,WakkerandSarin(1997)161-101“”10“”AffectBalanceScale,ABSPositiveandNegativeAffectScale,PANAS15EdDienerTheSatisfactionwithLifeScaleSWLS5716Dieneretal198512GeneralHealthQuestionnaire(GHQ)17KruegerandSchkade2008ExperienceSamplingMethodESMEcologicalMomentaryAssessment,EMADayReconstructionMethodDRM18ESM115..,2008.18165(1)Inmostwaysmylifeisclosetomyideal;(2)Theconditionsofmylifeareexcellent;(3)Iamsatisfiedwithlife;(4)SofarIhavegottentheimportantthingsIwantinlife;(5)IfIcouldlivemylifeover,Iwouldchangealmostnothing.1——7“StronglyDisagree”“StronglyAgree”531-35“ExtremelySatisfied”5-9“ExtremelyDissatisfied”17ClarkandOsw