收益递增与经济地理

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(1953),,,20063391()JournalofYanbianUniversity(SocialScience)Mar.2006Vol.39No.1[]1,2,2(1.;2.,300071)[],,,[];;;;[]F061.3[]A[]100923311(2006)0120050208,,,,(),(1826),,,,,,,,,1/4,,,,,Arthur(19891990)David(),,,,,,?,,,(MurphyShleiferVishny(1989a1989b)),,,,,;,;,;,1,,,:,,,,;,,;,,05©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1948),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,?,,,,,?,,,,(1933)(1940),,,(1957)(1990),,(1958),,,,,,,19((1966)(1983)),:??,,,,19,,,;,,,;,,;,,,,,,,15©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1991)[][1]Arthur,W.Brian.CompetingTechnologies,IncreasingRe2turns,andLock-inbyHistoricalEvents.Econ.J.99(March1989):116-31.[2]Arthur,W.Brian.PositiveFeedbacksintheEconomy.Sci2entificAmerican262(February1990):92-99.[3]Christaller,Walter.CentralPlacesinSouthernGermany.Je2na:Fischer,1933.EnglishtranslationbyCarlisleW.Baskin.London:Prentice-Hall,1966.[4]David,Paul.TheMarshallianDynamicsofIndustrialization:Chicago,1850-1890.J.UrbanEcon.(inpress).[5]Dixit,AvinashK.,andStiglitz,JosephE.MonopolisticCompetitionandOptimumProductDiversity.A.E.R.67(June1977):297-308.[6]Hirschman,AlbertO.TheStrategyofEconomicDevelopment.NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniv.Press,1958.[7]Hoover,EdgarM.TheLocationofEconomicActivity.NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1948.[8]Krugman,Paul.ScaleEconomies,ProductDifferentiation,andthePatternofTrade.A.E.R.70(December1980):950-59.[9]Krugman,Paul.IntraindustrySpecializationandtheGainfromTrade.J.P.E.89(Octeber1981):959-73.[10]Krugman,Paul.HistoryversusExpetations.Q.J.E.106(May1991).[11]Losch,August.TheEconomicsofLocation.Jena:Fischer,1940.Englishtranslation.NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniv.Press,1954.[12]Murphy,KevinM.;Shleifer,Andrei;andVishny,RobertW.IncomeDistribution,MarketSize,andIndustrialization.Q.J.E.104(August1989):537-64.(a)[13]Murphy,KevinM.;Shleifer,Andrei;andVishny,RobertW.IndustrializationandtheBigPush.J.P.E.97(October1989):1003-26.(b)[14]Meyer,DavidR,EmergenceoftheAmericanManufacturingBelt:AnInterpretation.J.Hist.Geography9,No.2(1983):145-74.[15]Myrdal,Gunnar.EconomicTheoryandUnder-developedRe2gions.London:Duck-worth,1957.[16]Pred,AllanR.TheSpatialDynamicsofU.S.Urban-Indus2trialGrowth,1800-1914:InterpretiveandTheoreticalEssays.Cambridge,Mass.:MittPress,1966.[17]VonThunen,JohannHeinrich.TheIsolatedState.Hamburg:Perthes,1826,Englishtranslation.Oxford:Pergamon,1966.IncreasingReturnandGeographyofEconomicsAuthoredbyP.Krugman1,TranslatedbyWUQi2xia2,ANHusen2(1.MIT,U.S.;2.InstituteofEconomics,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China)Abstract:Toachievescaleeconomyandreducetransportationcost,manufacturersoftenlocatetheirfactoriesinplaceswithmaximumdemand,whichinturnisdeterminedbythedistributionofmanufacturingindustry.TherealizationoftheCore-Pe2ripherymodelisdeterminedbythefactorssuchastransportationcost,scaleofeconomy,andtheratioofmanufacturingbusi2nessinthenationalincome.Asimplemathematicalmodelcandisplaytheprocessofinternaldifferentiationwithindustrialcoreontheoneendandtheagriculturalperipheryontheotherend.Keywords:increasingreturn;geographyofeconomics;locationdifferentiation;two-zonemodel;equilibrium75