英语语法Lecture-37-39

Lecture37-39Substitution,EllipsisPostponement,FrontingandInvertingSubstitutionSubstitution替代Substitutionisagrammaticaldeviceforavoidingrepetitionandachievingtextualcohesion.替代词substitute1.Ilikebiscuits,especiallychocolatebiscuits.2.MysisterprefersteatocoffeebutIliketeaandcoffee.3.Herhusbandsometimesdrivesbutsherarelydrives.4.Doyouthinkhewillcome?Yes,Ithink_______.NoIthink_______.1.Ilikebiscuits,especiallychocolatebiscuits.2.MysisterprefersteatocoffeebutIliketeaandcoffee.3.Herhusbandsometimesdrivebutsherarelydrives.4.Yes,Ithinkso.NoIthinknot.nominalsubstitution---oneverbalsubstitution---do(so)clausalsubstitution---so/notSubstitutionGenerallythereare3typesofsubstitution:1)Nominalsubstitution2)VerbalSubstitution3)ClausalSubstitutionNominalSubstitutionone/ones,thesame,that(of),those(of),either,neither,etcThechilddoesn’tlikethisbook.Showhimamoreinteresting____.Youcantakethisbook.Iwillkeeptheother______.1.-est/er/this/which(one/ones)Eg:1.Icangetyouseveralverysharpones,butthisisthebest_____Ihave.2.Ofalltheboysintheclass,Johnisthetallest_____.3.Hereareallthepictures.Which_______doyoulikebest?2.Whenone/onesreplacestheheadwordofanounphrase,itusuallytakedeterminer+premodifier+one/onesWouldyouliketheredcoatortheblueone.可省吗？--Sheboughtacottondressandasilkone.--Thischapterismuchlongerthantheprecedingones.One---head?Ifyouwantatypewriter,theywillprovideyouwithone.One---atypewriterExerciseI’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan______inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those3.Uncountablenoun1.--AmericanfoodisnotthesameastheEnglishkind.--Slangdisappearsquickly,especiallythejuvenilesort.2.Thebestcoalis_______fromNewcastle.3.--A:CanIhaveacupofblackcoffeewithsugar,please?--B:Giveme________,please.Trytodistinguishdifferentone/ones替代词nominalsubstitute类指代词genericpronoun数词cardinalnumeral实义词lexicalitem——person，peopleP430There'sonlyonepieceofcakeleft.Myoldcarismuchbetterthanthenewone.Onecan’tbetoocarefulinmatterslikethis.Youverbalsubstitution—do，dosoVerbalsubstitutionmeansthereplacementofaverbelementbyaverbalsubstitute—doordoso.verbalsubstitution—do1.---Doeshepromisetocometonight?---Yes,he____.Johnissmokingmorenowthanhewassmokingbefore.doingverbalsubstitution—doso2.Jamesgotthejob,althoughhedidn’texpectto_________.Hesmokesalot.Doeshisbrother____.verbalsubstitution—so/neither/nor3.A:Helikes/doesn’tlikeplayingfootball.B:________________.(certainlyhelikes…)B:___________(Ilike…..too.)B:__________________(Idon’tlike…..either.)clausalsubstitutionA:Doyouthinkthesunwillshineinaminute?B:_____________________________________________.I’mafraid,believe,expect,fear,guess,hope,suppose,thinkA:IsheleavingforLondontonight?B:____________________________(sure)Ithinkso.Idon’tthinkso.Ithinknot.I’msureofit.I’msureheis.clausalsubstitution—so,not2.--Willyoubestayinganothernight?Ifso(=Ifyouare),wecangiveyouabetterroom.Ifnot(=Ifyouaren’t),couldyoubeoutofyourroomby12:00?(Substitutionand)EllipsisLesson38--Wouldyouliketheredcoatortheblueone?--I’dliketheredone.--I’dlikethered.Substitutionellipsis--isagrammaticaldeviceforavoidingrepetitionandachievingtextualcohesion.--thereplacementofanidenticalitembyasubstitute;omissionoftheidenticalitemorreplacementoftheitembyazerosubstitute.Substitutionandellipsis--Hecameup,hesatdown,andhestaredatme.--I'mhappyifyouarehappy.--HealwayswakesupearlierthanIwakeup.--Don'ttellmeifyoudon'twanttotellme..ellipsisThegeneralruleis--leavingoutwordswhereveryoucan,exceptwherethisleadstodifficultyinunderstanding.ellipsis1.ellipsisinasimplesentence2.ellipsisincoordinateconstruction3.ellipsisincomplexsentences1.省略主语、或助动词，这时的主语多为人称代--Ihaveneverheardofsuchathing.--Ihopetoseeyousoon.--Doesanybodyneedhelp?--Itistoobadwedon'thavetime.--Areyoutired?--Itlookslikerain.--Ready?--Everythingallright?--Can’tfindmycarkeys.Ellipsisinasimplesentence2.predicate--Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhewasjustinjuredslightly.-----Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhejustslightly.--JohnhaswrittenapoemandBobhaswrittenashortstory.EllipsisinasimplesentenceEllipsisinasimplesentence3.Complement--Aretheseyourfriends?--Yes,theyaremyfriends.--I'mthirsty.--Areyouthirsty?--SamseemedangryandGeorgecertainlywasangry.Ellipsisinasimplesentence4.Incolloquialexpression--(I)Thankyou.--(It)Doesn'tmatter.--Whatifitrains?--(Itis)Welldone!--(Whenoneis)Outofsight,(oneis)outofmind.--(Thisis)Notforsale.--(Keepyour)Handsoff.--Why(shouldwe)notlethimgo?Ellipsisinasimplesentence4.IncolloquialexpressionReady?=Areyouready?Everythingallright?CupofteaiswhatIneed.Careful.Can’tfindmycarkeys.1.OmissionoftheidenticalitemJohnshouldcleantheshedandPetershouldmowthelawn.differentsubjectbutanidenticaloperator,omissionoftheidenticaloperatorIdon’twanttotalktoher,butperhapsIshould(do).--Haveyoulockedthewindow?--No,IshouldhavebutIforgot.ellipsisincoordinateconstruction3.Identicalsubject+operator+predication,butadifferentadverbial--JohnwillmeetmyfamilytonightandJohnwillmeetmyfamilyagaintomorrow.ellipsisincoordinateconstruction4.be,haveordoasauxiliaryinoneandmainverbinanother,noellipsis--Themanh