2019年考研英语二考前模拟题

2019年考研英语二考前模拟题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Childrenneedexercise.Parentsoftenworrythat1timeforathleticsorevenforjustplayingontheJungleJimisgoingtotakeawayfromtheirkids’_2_achievement.Butactually,the_3_istrue.Therehavebeenanalysesofhugenumbersofstudiesthatallshowthatkidswhoare_4_arebetterinschool,getbettergrades,andhavehigher_5_scoresthankidswholackofexercise.Andthatisprobablybecause_6_thelifespan,evenintooldage,there’sastrongcorrelationbetweenahealthyheartandahealthybrain.Thebrainisthemost_7_organthatyourcirculatorysystemhasto_8_.Ittakesupalotofthebody’soxygenandalotofthebody’s_9_.Andunlikemostofyour_10_,yourbraincan’tliveverylong_11_thatbloodsupply.Youcutbloodsupplyoffforaboutfiveminutesandpartsofthebrainstartdying.Soblockedarteriesandlittleclotsthatcutoffbloodflowtothebraininorderpeoplearea_12_sourceofcognitivedifficultyandcognitivedeteriorationwithage.Andeveninlittlekids,beingphysicallyfitclearly_13_intellectualperformance.Theotherthingparentsshouldbethinkingaboutisthatinchildhoodyourkidneedsabout90minutesadayofactive_14_,andparentsshouldreally_15_,Ithink,onmakingsurethatthat’sfun,firstofall.Youdon’twantto_16_exerciseaspunishment.Andyoualso,Ithink,wanttohavethemdoingsomethingthatcouldpotentiallycontinueintoadulthood._17_muchyourkidslikeclimbingtrees,they’renotgoingtobedoingthatwhenthey’re40,notmostofusanyway.And_18_yougivethemasportoratasteforhikingoratasteforyoga,somethingthatgrownupsdo,you_19_reducethechancethatthey’regoingtobeoneofthelargenumbersofpeoplewhoareactivechildrenwhogrowintoinactiveadults.Usuallythat_20_happensaroundtheageof13orso.1.A.wastingB.spendingC.makingD.killing2.A.physicalB.academicC.socialD.educational3.A.storyB.worryC.expectationD.opposite4.A.fitB.goodC.positiveD.inactive5.A.testB.sportsC.isdomD.intelligence6.A.forB.acrossC.beforeD.by7.A.challengingB.necessaryC.simpleD.demanding8.A.constituteB.keepC.feedD.foster9.A.nerveB.energyC.foodD.power10.A.cellsB.texturesC.partsD.tissues11.A.withoutBincludingC.withD.except12.A.splendidB.richC.largeD.significant13.A.reducesB.intensifiesC.enhancesD.aggravates.14.A.movingB.movingaroundC.movingupD.movingon15.A.dependB.countC.baseD.focus16.A.instituteB.interpretC.proveD.describe17.A.WheneverB.SoC.HowD.However18.A.meanwhileB.althoughC.ifD.since19.A.greatlyB.barelyC.nearlyD.hardly20.A.improvementB.growthC.transitionD.transferSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye’snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica’sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaofsoftpower,basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointtohardpower,basedoncoercionandforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthatoneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls”smartpower”,isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergictomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMrNyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffcctivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplcntyofanccdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Also,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecumingthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadcrshipoffersnocasyanswers.21.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaylearnthanMr.Machiavelli’sideaofhardpoweris______