社会资本与中国农村居民的地域性自主参与

:2001,,;,,;,:,:;19501960(totalitarianauthority);,(Freidrichetal.,1969:126),,,,,,,,;16(Friedrich&Brezezinski,1956:161-171),,,,,,2060,,,,,,(Skilling&Griffiths,1971;Goodman,1981;Falkenheim,1984),,,,,,(),,,(Liu,1976:5),,(LaPalombara,1975),,,(LaPalombara,1978:71);(Sharlet,1969:250),262006.2,,,(Townsend,1969:4-6),,1970,,()(,1996:290),(),,,(Verbaetal.,1971),,,,,(Inkles&Bauer,1959:7),,(highpolitics)(lowpolitics)(Bialer,1980),(Bialer,1980:166),,,,,,36,,,,,1980,(,2001),,(1988)1830,,(,1989),,,,:,,(,2001:195),,,,,,,,(,2001:200),?,,,,,,,,,,,;;,462006.2;,(,2001:203-204),,(,,2000;Bian,1998),,,,,:?,???2001910,,,,284,104201(),22,,,6,,,4,1145,:2000()14;2221445,44428184442818,23000,230004442818,,5564,,,54,2518,10002001910199819200110151025,20011029112913,2025,5613%,4317%,4-6,3017%,7-9,1812%,1-31211%,10,10-12911%,13116%,302414%,30-40,2316%,41-502316%,51-601219%,61,61-70715%,71315%,,,,16,,,7915%,(1)16,,4,:::::,4,662006.2:=0121197+0113498+0110638+0.09167(2)11.566.1%2.212.3%3.687.4%4.161.8%5.11112.2%6.485.3%7.444.8%8.72679.5%9.556%10.444.8%11.697.6%12.303.3%13.596.5%14.293.2%15.,291.9%16.,40.4%,(Lochneretal.,1999;Onyx&Bullen,2000;Barayan&Cassidy,2001),,(),(Putnam,1993;Portes,1998;Woolcock,1998),,762.297.079.398-.063.257.189.382.531.106.474.110.007.651.036.437-.039.249.622-.047.453.566-.113.435.066.527.101.743.111.153.598-.010.713.137.181.560.059-.351.333.187.273.339.681.168-.012.606.462.359.118.261.424.788.016.215.026.668.821.256.033-.095.750.818-.047.136.042.692.790.230-.039.086.686,.017.055.082.780.618,.052.179-.065.811.6963.3922.1581.7021.4678.71921.197%13.489%10.638%9.167%54.491%7,,,41,,,,,,,,,,862006.2,,,,,,,(Taylor,1982),:,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,(,1995)(2001P1998),,,,(2002),,,,7,,41,,(Coleman,1988)(Putnan,1993),,,,96,,,:??,????45:?5,514,,41?4,41,?5,513,4,,14,??,,45,1,010,,,,1,,(3)23,,6,:,072006.217272006.2,7,,,,,,,,4,.067.830.693.068.763.587.202.816.707.210.812.703.699.219.537.746.151.580.788.045.624.791.102.636.678.104.4712.8472.6905.53831.63629.89061.526,,,,,:,37?9(4)9,,,,,;,,,,(,2001),,,,15(5)5,:1.();2.;3.;4.;5.;6.6,156,,,234,,,(Elklit,1997;Thurston,1998;Pastor&Tan,2000;OBrien&Li,2000),1994,,(,1994),1997,,,,?(5),472006.25(%)1.(+)22552.(-)512.53.(-)1127.54.(-)8205.(+)12306.(+)257.(+)1947.58.(-)259.(-)512.510.(+)512.511.(+)4010012.(+)4010013.(-)1537.514.(+)2357.515.(+)2050:7.;8.;9.;10.710,;89,,5:111;121;131;141;151,,(,2001),,,1997,,,,,57,,,?,2025,,17517,1,0,-1,017,6()(),1100,6,,,31374,616,,672006.2:=(+B)A,A=99P(),B=(1PA)B,B=[()P99](,2000),(Nieetal.,1974),(Goel,1975),,(Shi,1997:170),,,,6()a3.374.128.001.364.388.055-.004-.424.031.033.010.829b3.580.097.011c4.061.113.002-.130-.128.0001.419.154.000:-.636-.048.173.230.017.627.261.020.578-.362-.027.4461.274.097.0071.513.117.001:1.954.151.000-.573-.044.230-7.194.148N698AdjustedRSquare17.2%F10.072.000a;b;77,U,,,4050,60(Milbrath,1965:134)(Milbrath&Goel,1977;Nieetal,1978)U,45-53(Shi,1997:168),U,,,30,5107,,31-406133,41-50,8193,,61-707130,31873141,,,?,(Campbelletal.,1960;Verbaetal.,1978),,,(Bahry&Silver,1990),,,,,(,2001),,,4132,1-36159,4-66183,7-96191,10-12,9119;,13,5182872006.2(Shi,1997:145-146),,18,13,10-12?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3158,3158,41061,?,,6,01094,,,,,,,01117,97,36%,0154,,,,6,,4,,,,,,,01151,,,,,(,2001),?,9,5,;4,5,4,15,,,,,082006.2,1980,,,,,,,,,,,,(),(,2002),2515%,2411%,,,,,,,,,,,(Burns,1988;,2000),,,,,,,1815,,,,,,,;,,,,,,;,,,(Downs,1957:267),,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,(Li&OBrien,1996;O282006.2Brien,1996;,2003;,2003;,2004),:,2000,,2,2004,,:,1994,,:,2001P1998,:,,:,2003,,3,2001,:,:,2002,,3,1989,,,:,2002,:,3,1996,,(),,,:,2001,,,:,1988,,,:,1995,,,:,2003,,:4,2000,,,:,2003,,3,2000,:,17,Almond,GabrielA.&SidneyVerba1963,TheCivicCulture:PoliticalAttitudesanddemocraciesinFiveNations.Princeton,N.J.:PrincetonUniversityPress.Bahry,Donna&BrianSilver1990,SovietCitizenParticipationontheEveofDemocratization.AmericanPoliticalScienceReview84(3).Barayan,Deepa&MichaelF.Cassidy2001,ADimensionalApproachtoMeasuringSocialCapital:DevelopmentandValidationofaSocialCapitalInventory.CurrentSociology49(2).Bialer,Seweryn1980,StalinsSuccessors:Leadership,Stability,andChangeintheSovietUnion.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.Bian,Yianjie1994,WorkandInequalityinUrbanChina.Albany:StateUniversityofNewYorkPress.Burns,John1988,PoliticalParticipationinRuralChina.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress.Campbell,Angus,PhilipE.Converse,WarrenE.Miller&DonaldE,Stokes1960,TheAmericanVoter.NewYrok:JohnWileyandSons.38Coleman,James1988,SocialCapitalintheCreationofHumanCapital.AmericanJournalofSociology94.Downs,Anthony1957,AnEconomicTheoryofDemocracy.NewYork:HarperCollinsPublishers.Elklit,Jorgen1997,TheChineseVillageCommitteeElectoralSystem.ChinaInformation11(4).Falkenheim,VictorC.(ed.)1984,CitizensandGroupsinContemporaryChina.AnnArbor:UniversityofMichiganCenterforChineseStudies.Freidrich,CarlJ.,MichaelCurtis&BenjaminR.Barber1969,TotalitarianisminPerspective:ThreeViews.NewYork:Praeger.Friedrich,CarlJ.&ZbigmiewBrezezinski1956,TotalitarianDictatorshipandAutocracy.Cambridge,Mass.:HarvardUniversityPress.Goel,LalM.1975,PoliticalParticipationinDevelo