资本壁垒与产业集群_基于浙江濮院羊毛衫产业的案例研究

71200710()ChinaEconomicQuarterlyVol17,No11October,20073,,,:;,,,3,,;,,:,,310029;:13067712590;E2mail:[e-mail],,(2000),,,,,Goldsmith(1969)3518601963,;KingandLevine(1993)80,19601989,;RajanandZingales(1998);RiojaandValev(2004)74(DemirgÔandMaksimovic,1998;Ayyagari,DemirgÔandMak2simovic,2006)72()7,19792005GDP916%,(Econ2omist,2006),(CheandQian,1998;,2001),(Allen,QianandQian,2005),(,2001;,2002;,2003;,2005;,2005),?,,(,1990;,1998;,2002;Allen,QianandQian,2005;,2005),,,,,,,,;,,,:,;;;;;Smith(1904);Young(1928);Marshall(1920),:1:73,,,(BeckerandMurphy,1992),(SchmitzandNadvi,1999),(Schmitz,1995;Hayami,KikuchiandMar2ciano,1998;Sato,2000;Sonobe,HuandOtsuka,2002;Yamamura,SonobeandOtsuka,2003;SonobeandOtsuka,2006),Marshall,Hayami,KikuchiheandMarciano(1998),SchmitzandNadvi(1999),,,,,,,(),,,,,,;,,,,1,,1,,,,K1,1;K1K22;,N74()71,,(Coase,1937;BeckerandMur2phy,1992),,,,,(SchmitzandNadvi,1999),(ZhangandLi,2003),:(),(Krugman,1991;MartinandOttaviano,2001)Hotelling(1929),:(1)Ki,Ki[0,1],,Ki;(2)P,P;(3)()M,MN,,,:M(N)0,M(N)0;(4),Wi,Wa,WiWa;(5),1:75;(6),TCN,,,:TC(N)0,TC(N)0;(7)r,;(8):,[0,1],,,,K,,K,,,M,:,,SWSW:,:SW={[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}(r+Wi)2+P-{[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}2Wa-TC(N)={[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}(r+Wi-Wa)2+PWa-TC(N).(1)(1)A=0,M;=1,,0(1),N,:9SW9N=-(1-)(r+Wi-Wa)PM(N)M(N)-TC(N)=0.(2)N3,N3(r+Wi-Wa)P=A,(2):F(,N3)=-(1-)AM(N3)M(N3)-TC(N3)=0.(3):9N39=-9F/99F/9N376()7=AM(N3)M(N3)(1-)A{[M(N3)]2+M(N3)M(N3)}+TC(N3).(4)M(N)0,M(N)0,TC(N)0,TC(N)0,:19N390.,,,,,23:29N39r=-(1-)PM(N3)M(N3)(1-)A{[M(N3)]2+M(N3)M(N3)}+TC(N3)0.,,,39N39W=-(1-)PM(N3)M(N3)(1-)A{[M(N3)]2+M(N3)M(N3)}+TC(N3)0,W=Wi-Wa,,,,[0,1],,,,(1-),SW={[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}(r+Wi-Wa)2+PWa-(1-)TC(N).(5),,,49N39=TC(N)(1-)A{[M(N3)]2+M(N3)M(N3)}+(1-)TC(N3)0.1:77,,,;,,,,,,(1990),13,;Huang,ZhangandZhu(2007),,1976,()3,,,19771976218030,1977(,1996)2080,,1988,1990,280,90%1994,1000,20,2004,3900,6000,50000,100,511:200578()7,,,,2,2,,2000,1212,,,,,,,:3:,2:,1:79,,,,,,:4:,;,,,,:2005812,,140,126B11,,,,;,,;,,;,,;,80()71(%)112504.41412111.5,3235180.9,52321.7,64214.3,51005.0,31003.0,3957500.71020000.511100.0,12611905:,,,;();,,22()()()12.4530.003.007.76731.741628.60105.60428.867.3143.000.228.49383.96963.36200.00326.12649.50889.20269.80257.9310.6020.006.005.733.834.503.000.7612.7450.002.009.160.551.200.050.384000.004000.004000.000:2,,,1:81,4,,7,,,1000,,10,,,;,,,,,,,OEM,,,,,1000,,,,700,1055,,;,,;1,,96%,,,,82()75,,(,2001;,2003);,?33,,,,,;,3(%)(%)(%)()(%)63.60.027.39.150.042.90.07.153.00.047.00.036.454.59.10.062.50.037.50.01:83()(%)(%)(%)()(%)56.47.733.32.6100.00.00.00.00.0100.00.00.0:,,;,:(),,(,1985)3,,,50%;,,,,,,,,,,4:;,,,1/3,1/5,,(),1.,,,,,,84()7;,,,,;,;,,,4,4,4(%)(%)100.0090.9192.8685.71100.0080.00100.00100.00100.0094.8876.9210.000.00:,,,:,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,2.,1:85,,:,13;,10;,,(),;52004,,;,,,,,,52004(%)(%)(%)(%)36.49.045.69.080.00.00.020.060.07.527.55.030.85.161.52.6:,;,;,:3.,,,,,6,6,,,,:,,,,86()7,;,6(%)(%)(%)0.090.99.156.040.04.00.097.52.510.389.70.00.0100.00.0:5:?,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,KernelDensityEstimate,66,,;;71:876:7P()0.79673.52230.0000(%)6.2833.330.0010()5.84096.91360.1673()8.727310.14810.0008()34.659138.46910.0076(%)13.6472.840.0000(%)61.3655.56(%)0.0018.52(%)38.6422.22(%)0.003.700.0050:P,;,,,,,,,;,,;,,88()7,,;,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,:1.,,;,,,,2.,,;,,;,;,,,,1:89,,,,A(1)SW:,,777::[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]/2.:PM2(N)/2.,{[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}r2.{[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}Wi2.P-{[1+M(N)][P-PM(N)]+PM2(N)}2Wa.:TC(N).90()7(1),,7,,,,,B,,,,,;,(),(),,;,,,;,,,,;,,,[1]Allen,F.,J.Qian,andMeijunQian,Law,Finance,andEconomicGrowthinChina,JournalofFinancialEconomics,2005,77(1),57116.[2]Ayyagari,M.,A.DemirgÔ2Kunt,andV.Maksimovic,HowImportantAreFinancingCon2straints?TheRoleofFinanceintheBusinessEnvironment,WorldBankPolicyResearchWorkingPaperNo.3820,2006.[3]Becker,G.,andK.Murphy,TheDivisionofLabor,CoordinationCosts,andKnowledge,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,1992,107(4),11371160.[4]Che,J.,andY.Qian,InstitutionalEnvironment,CommunityGovernment,andCorporateGov2ernment:UnderstandingChinaÄsTownship2VillageEnterprises,JournalofLaw,Economics,andOrganization,1998,14(1),17011723.[5],:,,20058,6772[6],:,1996[7]Coase,R.,TheNatureoftheFirm,Economica,1937,4(16),386405.[8]DemirgÔ2Kunt,A.,andV.Maksimovic,Law,Finance,andFirmGrowth,TheJournalofFinance,1998,53(6),21072137.[9]Economist,TheNewTitans,[10],:,1985[11]Goldsmith,R.,FinancialStructureandDevelopment.NewHaven,CT:YaleUniversityPress,1969.[12],:,,200210,40461:91[13]Hayami,Y.,M.Kikuchi,andE.Marciano,StructureofRural2basedIndustrialization:MetalCraftManufacturingontheOutskirtsofGreaterManila,thePhilippines,TheDevelopingEcono2mies,1998,36(2),132154.[14]Hotelling,H.,StabilityinCompetition,EconomicJournal,1929,39(153),4157.[15]Huang,Z.,X.Zhang,andY.Zhu,TheFormationofWenzhouFootwearClusters:HowweretheEntryBarriersOvercome?ChinaEconomicReview,2007,forthcoming.[16]King,R.,andR.Levine,FinanceandGrowth:SchumpeterMightBeRight,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,1993,108(3),717737.[17]Krugman,P.,IncreasingReturnsandEconomicGeography,JournalofPoliticalEconomy,1991,99(3),