同位语从句详细讲解

GrammarReadthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.1Theirfriend,DannyLin,waswaitingattheairport.2Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.3HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnwasaworld-famousdoctor.4Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebasketballgamesoonspreadthewholeschool当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容。Whatkindofnounclausesarethey?1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句Findouttheappositiveclausefromthereadingtext.•Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.•SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedays,buttheyforgetthefactthatCanadais5500kilometresfromcoasttocoast.•ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatLakes.that引导同位语从句(1)Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。(2)Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.(3)ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.如果同位语从句意义完整应用that引导同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。1.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.2.Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiredconsideration.3.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.4.Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.除that外，其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分。if不可以引导同位语从句。注意啦！！!大家注意啦！！！同位语从句与定语从句区别:（1）定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句限制或修饰news,说明到底是哪个news.)辨析：(2)从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，除了起连接作用，它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语，作宾语时还可以省略。•Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.（factory在从句中作visited的宾语,也就是说that指代factory在从句中作宾语，可以省略）•ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.•（that只起连接作用，不做成分，一般不可以省略)（3）当when,where,why和how引导同位语从句时为连接副词，虽在句中充当成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。而在定语从句中它们为关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因及方式意义的先行词。例如：•Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhelivedwithhisgrandparents.•他永远不会忘记和祖父母一起生活的日子•Hehasnoideawhenthemeetingwillbeheld.•他不知道会议将何时举行定语从句同位语从句（4）同位语从句的先行词极为有限，多为抽象名词，如fact,idea,reason,thought,order,doubt,news,hope,truth,belief,suggestion,advice,view,promise,request,proposal提议/建议,demand,question…(5)同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。Thenewsthatwe’llgoonapicnicthisSundayisn’ttrue.这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。Thenewsisthatwe’llgoonapicnicthisSunday.Thenewsthatyou’veheardisn’ttrue.你听到的这个消息不是真的。Thenewsisthatyou’veheard.•TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.•Thehope(that)sheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Let’shaveatryatonce同位语从句：theywouldcometovisitChina对hope进行具体的说明。定语从句：hope充当express的宾语。II.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。①Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.②That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.同定③Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolsoundsunreasonable.④Hehassolvedtheproblemwhytheradiodidn’tworkwell.定同I.在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。1.Thenews___ourclasshadwonthefootballmatchwasveryexciting.2.Thisisthemountainvillage____Istayedlastyear.3.Thepersonto______youspokeisafamousactor.wherethatwhom3.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.that4.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.which5Doyouhaveanyidea___isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?what