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小学英语语法集训之一:第一课名词I.名词分类:可数名词不可数名词1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)例如:drinkmilkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeeporridgefoodricebreadmeatfishfruitcakedumplings2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an),表示一个,有复数形式,表示复数概念,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many“很多”+可数名词复数much“很多”/alittle“一点”+不可数名词some,any,alotof(lotsof)两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词表示数量时需要用数词+量词+of+名词对可数名词的数量提问用howmany对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。例:Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.I'lltellyoumuchgoodnews.weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation.2)用单位词表示。用a...of表示。如acupof(一杯......),abottleof(一瓶......)apieceof(一张......),apairofshoes(一双鞋)如twocupsoftea(两杯茶),fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如twohundredstudents(200名学生)tenthousandtrees(10000棵树)考点Hecaughtalotoffish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish)5、可数名词分为单数和复数。名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数如adesk(一张桌子)anolddesk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加-s如book—books,desk—desks,cat-cats,bed-beds2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box—boxes,bus—buses,brush-brushes,watch-watches注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months②stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种方式都可:zero-zeros或zeroes(零)不规则变化1)元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)注意不说anEnglish,要说anEnglishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。如people(人,人们)thesepeople(不说apeople,可说aperson)police(公安,警察)tenpolice(不说apolice,可说apoliceman)5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)busdriver-busdrivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。如wouldyoulikesomemorefruit?你要不要再吃点水果?weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket.我们从市场上买了许多水果,chinahassomegoodfrits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)shehasafewwhitehairs.她有几要白头发。hisblackhairisgoingwhite.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。注意②wind,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如boystudent-boystudents(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平),sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。练习:一.写出下列名词的复数形式1.this______2.watch______3.child______4.photo______5.diary______6.day______7.foot______8.dress______9.tooth______10.sheep______11.box______12.peach______13.sandwich______14.man______15.woman______16.city______17.zoo______18.country______19.mouse______20.car______21.fox______22.tree______23.horse______24.bus______25.leaf______26.life______27.thief______28.book______二.按要求填入单词的适当形式1.Two______liveinthisbuilding.(family)2.Lookatthose_______.(child)3.Icanseea______standingnearthedoor.(policeman)4.Therearesome______onthetable.(glass)5.Wouldyoulikesome______?(bread)6.Ihavetwo______.(sister)7.Ilike______.(cat)8.Doyouwantsome______forsupper?(potato)9.Hehastwo______.Oneisold,theotherisnew.(watch)10.Inautumn,youcanseealotof______ontheground.(leaf)11.Ihavetwo_______.(knife)12.Therearetwo______inthezoo.(fox)13.Therearemany______ontheroad.(bike)14.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(child)15.The_____areplayingfootballnow.(student)16.Pleasetaketwo______forme.(photo)17.Ilikethered_______.(tomato)18.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour______now?(tooth)19.Doyouwantsome______?(milk)20.Thereareten____________inourschool.(Englishteacher)三.选择下列正确的单词或词组。1.Doyoudrinkmuch(milk,milks)?2.Ivisited(Tom,Tom’s)houseyesterday.3.Hehadtwo(cup,cups)oftea.4.Thisis(TomandMary’s,Tom’sandMary’s)house.5.Givemea(pieceof,X)paper,please.6.Idon’twant(a,an)oldcap.7.Lookatthose(sheep,sheeps).8.Thereare36(boys,boies)inmyclass.9.Howmany(radioes,radios)canyousee?10.Thatbagismy(father’s,father’sbag).四.将下列句子变成复数形式。1.Thisisaknife.________________________________2.Thatisatomato.__________________________________3.Thatchildisverylovely._______________________________4.AnEnglishmanstoodthere.______________________________五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格1.asister______________________2.aboy___________3.today_______4.ababy_______5.acamel______6.men_______7.birds_______8.twodays_______9.JohnandMary(两人共有的)_______10.JohnandMary(两人各自所有的)_________________六.选择1.The_____innearourhouseareverybeautiful.A.clothB.waterC.flowers2.TomisoneoftheChinese_____inourschool.A.boyB.toysC.boies3.Acathasfour_____,doesn’tit?A.footsB.feetC.feets
本文标题:名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法
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