新概念第二册语法总结

1.被动语态（二）will/must/can/would/could/havetobedonehave/hasbeendonemusthavebeendonedrive用法home/house2.介词用法：见书3.复习therebe句型it做为虚主语可以用来表示时间，天气，温度，距离，人或指代一个句子或不定式。4.SummaryofUnittwo5.并列句我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词:and,but,so,yet,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but…aswell,notonly…butalso主谓一致:当主语由and,both…and连接时,通常用复数谓语.Boththegirlsandtheboyarehisfriends.当主语由neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso或or连接时,谓语动词与nor,or,butalso后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就近一致.NeitherhenorIamgoingtotheairport.NotonlyMarybutalsoherparentshavegoneabroad.6.一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用.以下一些动词很少用与进行时态:appear(看起来),appreciate(鉴赏),believe(相信),feel(感觉到),forget(忘记),hear(听见),know(知道),like(喜欢),looklike(看起来像),notice(注意到),remember(记得),resemble(形似),see(看到),think(认为),understand(理解),have(拥有),love(爱),seem(看起来),show(显示),mind(介意),sound(听起来),hate(讨厌),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲),引号:引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号,如逗号,句号,问好之外.引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.在said,asked,等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号.当said,asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头.当一个新的说话人开始讲话时,要另起一个段落.7.复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个putup(搭建),putout(扑灭),puton(穿上),putsb.up(为某人安排住宿),putupwith(容忍),putdown(抄写),putoff(推迟),putaway(放好，放到一边去)8.现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分)l与现在完成时连用的时间副词:yet,just,before,recently,lately,ever,never,sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),uptonow(直到现在),since(自从),foralongtime(很长时间),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前),l某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配:例如:die,arrive,join,leave,go,refuse,fail,finish,buy,marry,divorce,awake,buy,borrow,lend,这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用.Janehasgoneawayforamonth.(wrong)Janehasbeenawayforamonth.(right)Hisfatherhasdiedfortwoyears.(wrong)Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(right)hasgoneto(去了某地,指人还在那里),havebeento(去过某地,人已经不在那里了)。9.一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词refuse/deny,bring/take/fetch,very/too10.冠词用法定冠词用法(1)特指(2)地理名词前加定冠词l河流theyellowriverl山脉theAlps,theHimalayasl海峡海湾theTaiwanStraits,theEnglishChannel(3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词l国名及政治组织名theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdoml某些机构学校及建筑名theBritishMuseuml由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名theNewYorkTimes,theTimes零冠词1.街名2.广场名3.车站,机场,公园,桥梁名:KennedyAirport,BeijingRailwayStation,LondonBridge4.大学名YaleUniversity,CambridgeUniversity5.节日名NationalDay,MayDay,NewsYears’Day6.多数杂志名Time,Reader’sDigest7.物质名词一般意义Waterboilsat100degrees.Wecannotlivewithoutair.8.抽象名词Lifeisshort.Artisdifficulttoappreciate.1.usedtodo用法Usedtodo表示过去常常做某事现在不做了Iusedtogetupatseveno’clock.Experience,save,very/too2.比较级/最高级,比较状语从句（见复合句-比较状语从句）A/one的区别3.介词用法Passed/past,next/other4.被动语态总结一般现在时:is/am/aredone一般过去时:was/weredone现在进行时:is/am/arebeingdone现在完成时:have/hasbeendone过去完成时:hadbeendone一般将来时:willbedone过去将来时:wouldbedone过去进行时:was/werebeingdone情态动词:canbedone,mustbedone,couldbedone,maybedone,mightbedone,情态动词完成式:canhavebeendone,musthavebeendone,couldhavebeendone,mayhavebeendone，mighthavebeendone,Callat(拜访某地),calloutat(大声喊),callon(拜访某人),callsbup(给某人打电话),calloff(取消)5.主语+谓语(感官动词)+doing表示正在发生的事情,+do表示已经完成的动作.So/suchSo+adj./adv.such+n.固定用法：somany6.一般将来时will/begoingtodowill/begoingtodo一般情况下可以相互替换,但是要表示说话人决定做某事或者表示建议,请求,肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用will.Watch/lookat/follow,solid/firm/stable7.将来完成时Hold/look,lookforwardto(期望),lookout(当心),lookup(查询,),looksb.up(拜访某人)8.asif/though+虚拟语气,过去完成时总结asif/though常在描述行为的动词后面使用,如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound,后面要用虚拟语气Helooksasifhewereaking.Herskinfeelsasifitweresilk.Thesongsoundsasifitwereasadstory.HelookedasifhehadneverlivedinEngland.Nosooner…than,hardly…when,country/countryside,continuously,continually,Nosooner…than一…就…与过去完成时连用Ihadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanitbegantorain.Thebellhadnosoonerrungthanthegamebegan.如果nosooner放在句首,主句的主谓结构倒装NosoonerhadIcomeintotheroomthanitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadthebellrungthanitbegantorain.Hardly…when几乎没来得及…就…与过去完成时连用Hehadhardlygotthemoneywhenthepolicemancaughthim.Ihadhardlyfinishedthelastquestionwhentheexamended.如果hardly…when放在句首,主句的主谓结构倒装Hardlyhadhegotthemoneywhenthepolicemancaughthim.HardlyhadIfinishedthelastquestionwhentheexamended.9.直接引语变间接引语1.引语前用that,口语中可以省略2.根据句意改变人称3.时态变化:一般现在时-一般过去时,一般过去时-过去完成时,一般将来时-过去将来时,现在进行时-过去进行时,现在完成时-过去完成时,can-could,may-might,must-hadto,4.一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词this-that,these-those,now-then,today,tonight-thatday,thatnight,thisweek-thatweek,yesterday-thedaybefore,thepreviousday,lastweek-theweekbefore,twodaysago-twodaysbefore(earlier),tomorrow-thenext(following)day,nextweek-thefollowingweek,here-there,come,bring-go,take如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了，比如在同一天说的话.Shesaidshewouldcomeagaintonight.Hesaidhearrivedyesterdaymorning.几种特殊的间接引语特殊疑问句,语序要变为陈述语序“Whereareyougoing?”heasked.HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.一般疑问句,要加if/whether“Willyoucometomorrow?”heasked.HeaskedifIwouldcomethenextday.祈使句要变为不定式,所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择“Stayhere,”thepolicemansaid.Thepolicemanrequestedhimtostaythere.“Closethewindow,please,”mymothersaid.Mymotheraskedmetoclosethewindow.常用的动词:advise,ask,beg,command(命令),order,warn,tell,urge(催促),invite,persuade,remind,forbid10.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,make/do对现在事实的虚拟,if从句中谈论的是想象的情况,主句则推测想象的结果结构:主句用过去时,从句用过去将来时Ifyoucamehereearlier,youwouldcatchthetrain.Ifyouspentmoretimeonstudying,youwouldgetbetterresult.IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthisoffer.注意:如果if从句