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英语句法语法系列一.英语句子的基本成分有8种:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)表语(predicative)同位语(Appositive)主语:•请找出各句的主语:•1)Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.•2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.•3)Twoandsixiseight.•4)Smokingisharmfultohealth.•5)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.•6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.可以是名词、代词、数词、不定式(todo)、V-ing、从句等充当。主语一般在句首。•你能找到各句的谓语动词吗?•1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.•2)Sheseemedtired.•3)Whathaveyoubeendoing?•4)Whathaveyoudone?•5)Hewasoftenlaughedatforthis.•6)I’dratherhedidn’tcometomorrow.谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。谓语是动词.基本句型(1)主+谓:S+VS+V1.Thesunrises.(rise-rose-risen是vi,不能带O.)2.Theredsunrises.(red修饰sun,作定语)3.Theredsunrisesintheeast.(状语Adverbial)Translation1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。8.每天八时开始上课。9.这个盒子重五公斤。10.五年前我住在北京。Translation1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。8.每天八时开始上课。9.这个盒子重五公斤。10.五年前我住在北京。Classesbeginateighteveryday.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.宾语宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面。找出下列各句的宾语:1)Heknowsthesecret.(n.作宾语)2)Thestudenthasimprovedhiswayoflearning.(短语作宾语)3)Everyoneeatsapieceofcake.(同上)4)Theydon’tknowwhattheyshoulddo.(从句作宾语)5)Ijustwanttounderstandwhyyoucan’trememberEnglishwords.(同4)常常是名词、代词、数词、不定式(todo)、动名词(V-ing)、从句等充当。•1)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.•2)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?•3)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.•4)Ithinkitrighttohelpher.•1)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.•2)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?•3)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.(双宾语,sb人——间宾;sth物——直接宾语)•4)Ithinkitrighttohelpher.思考:it有无意义?解答:无义,形式宾语,todo才是这个句子的真正宾语,才是think的内容。小结:宾语位置:动词后;是动词的内容,主语位置:动词前基本句型(2)主语+谓语+宾语(S.+V.+O.)该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。翻译练习:1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。3.这本书他读过多次了。4.他们成功地完成了计划。5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8.Jim还不会自己穿衣服。Translation1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。3.这本书他读过多次了。4.他们成功地完成了计划。Iwrotealetterlastnight.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8.Jim还不会自己穿衣服。Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Jimcannotdresshimself.注意:带V-ing做宾语的动词有:suggest,advise,stop,resist,enjoy,imagine,finish,escape,admit,excuse,delay,practise,consider,keep,mind,understand,avoid,miss,risksucceedin,bebusy,beworth,beusedto,giveup,lookforwardto注意:带todo做宾语的动词有:offer,learn,intend,plan,demand,ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,determine,refuse,dare,manage,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,choose,seem,expect,hope,offer,agree,refuse,learn,help,plan,intend,etc.基本句型(3)第一种结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(S.+V.+O.+O.)请观察:1)Hebringsmecookieseveryday.如果意思不变,也可以怎么说呢?2)Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.即要借助于介词to或for朗读:Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.归纳:to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。翻译练习:1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?5.他把车票给列车员看。翻译练习:1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?5.他把车票给列车员看。1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.•Thesunkeepsuswarm.•Iheardhimsinging.第二种结构:S+Vt.+O+O.C•宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾补时补充说明宾语的。•学会举一反三,类似的结构还有哪些?Tips:seesbdoingsth这类的词基本句子结构(4)主+系+表表语是说明主语的,如用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,通常在系动词后。•1)Myuncleisaprofessor.•2)Helookedtired.•3)Thebasketballmatchison.•4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.•5)Ouraimwastowinmoremedals.•6)HisworkisteachingFrench.•7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.•1)Myuncleisaprofessor.•2)Helookedtired.•3)Thebasketballmatchison.•4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.•5)Ouraimwastowinmoremedals.•6)HisworkisteachingFrench.•7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.•系动词:•1)be,seem,appear•2)look,sound,taste,smell,feel•3)get,turn,grow,become,go•4)stay,remain,keep,continue感官类变化类维持类26根据这两节所学的几种句型,进行分析巩固。1.Marydanceswell.2.Tomislookingforhiswatch.3.Heoftenplaysviolinafterschool.4.Mr.Greenworksinauniversity.英语五种基本句型1.Marydanceswell.(S+Vi+状语)2.Tomislookingforhiswatch.(S+Vt+O)3.Heoftenplaysviolinafterschool.(S+Vt+O+状语)4.Mr.Greenworksinauniversity.(S+Vi+状语)27英语五种基本句型下面两句在句子结构上有什么不同。5.TheteachertaughtusanEnglishsong.6.Fatherboughtmeasetofpens.今天学的:S+Vt+O(sb)+O(sth)(双宾语)**名词和代词常常作主语和宾语1.Marydanceswell.(S+Vi+状语)2.Tomislookingforhiswatch.(S+Vt+O)3.Heoftenplaysv
本文标题:句子成分分析
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