新视野4－10howtocultivate“eq”

Unit10HowtoCultivate“EQ”BackgroundInformation:EQ:Theexpression“emotionalintelligence”isusedtoindicateakindofintelligencethatinvolvestheabilitytoperceive,assessandpositivelyinfluenceone’sownandotherpeople’semotions.Intelligenceisthe“abilitytoadapteffectivelytotheenvironment,eitherbymakingachangeinoneselforbychangingtheenvironmentorfindinganewone”.Accordingtothisdefinition,beingintelligententailsmuchmorethanhavingstrongcognitiveabilities—thekindofabilitiesthataretypicallymeasuredbyanintelligencetest.BackgroundInformation:DanielGoleman:HeisapsychologistwhoformanyyearsreportedonthebrainandbehavioralsciencesforTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.GolemanpreviouslywasavisitingfacultymemberatHarvard.Hisbook,EmotionalIntelligence(1995),arguesthathumancompetencieslikeself-awareness,self-discipline,persistenceandempathyareofgreaterconsequencethanIQinmuchoflife,thatweignorethedeclineinthesecompetenciesatourperil,andthatchildrencan—andshould—betaughttheseabilities.BackgroundInformation:IQ:IQisanabbreviationfor“intelligencequotient”,ameasureofaperson’sintellectualabilityinrelationtothatoftherestofthepopulation.Itisexpressedastheratioofmentalagetoactualage,multipliedby100,andisbasedonthescoresachievedinanintelligencetest.ThetwomostimportantscalesformeasuringIQaretheStandford-BinettestandtheWeschlertest.ThedistributionofIQscoresismore-or-lessGaussian,thatistosayitfollowsthebellcurve.Modernabilitytestsproducescoresfordifferentareas(e.g.languagefluency,three-dimensionalthinking,etc.),withthesummaryscorebeingthemostmeaningless.Itismuchmoreusefultoknowwhicharethestrengthsandweaknessesofapersonthantoknowthathe/shebeatsnpercentofthepopulaceinsome“generalintelligence”measure.TwopersonswithvastlydifferentabilityprofilesmayscorethesameIQ,butmayexhibitdifferentaffinitytoagiventask,ormaynotbevaluedequallyintelligentbyotherpeople.IQscoresaresometimestakenasanobjectivemeasureofintelligence,andsinceintelligenceisnotoriouslydifficulttodefine,thedefinition“intelligenceiswhattheIQtestmeasures”hasbeenseriouslyproposed.However,IQtestsencodetheircreator’sbeliefsaboutwhatconstitutesintelligence.Whatvariousculturesdub“intelligence”differs.Mostpeoplealsothinkthatcreativityplaysasignificantroleinintelligence;creativityisalmostunmeasurablebytests.ThemodernfieldofintelligencetestingbeganwiththeStanford-Binettest.ItisworthnotingthatAlfredBinet,whocreatedtheIQtestin1904,wasaimingtoidentifystudentswhocouldbenefitfromextrahelpinschool:hisassumptionwasthatlowerIQindicatedtheneedformoreteaching,notaninabilitytolearn.ThefollowingnumbersapplytoIQscales.below80:specialschoolingisencouraged90–110:averageabove125:“highlygifted”.above150:genius.TextStructureAnalysis:PartOne(Para.1-3):Accordingtosomenewresearch,EQ,comparedwithIQ,rendersbusinessmenmoreadaptableandmoreabletosucceed.Underthechangingpressureofthemarket,therefore,itisthehotticketforbusinesssuccess.PartTwo(Para.4-8):SinceEQisthekeytobusinesssuccess,fourskillsarelistedforindividualstocultivateit.PartThree(Para.9-12):ItispossibletocultivateEQthroughtheimprovementoffouradaptiveskills.Solongasyouhaveadisciplineforpracticingtheskills,itisactuallyeasierthanovercomingadrughabit.PartFour(Para.13):WithoutEQ,academictrainingaloneisworthlessandless.ThenewresearchshowsthatEQmaybecrucialforbusinesssuccess.TocultivateourEQ,oureffortshouldbeaimedatimprovingfouradaptiveskills:raisingconsciousness;usingimagery;consideringandreconsideringeventstochoosethemostcreativeresponsetothem;andintegratingtheperspectivesofothers.Aslongaswekeepatsucheffort,wecanmakeit,fortheyarebasedonourknowledgeaboutthemechanismsofthemind.Ineffect,withoutEQ,IQaloneisworthlittle.SummaryoftheTextWordsandExpressionsasixthsensesortthroughcultivateaimatonpurposesetasideperspectivenothinglessthantriggercurriculumHehadasixthsensethatthetrainwasgoingtocrash.他有一种直觉，这列火车将发生车祸。Asixthsensewarnedherthathewasdeliberatelytryingtoinfuriateher.一种直觉在警告她：他是故意在激怒她。1.asixthsense:anabilitytoknowsth.withoutusingthefivesensesofsight,hearing,smell,touchandtaste（Para.1）2.sortthrough:lookforsth.amongalotofsimilarthings,esp.whenonearrangesthesethingsinorder(Para.3)Shefoundtheringwhilesortingthroughsomeclothes.她在整理衣服的时候发现了那枚戒指。Intheageofinformationexplosion,itiswealthitselftosortthroughmassesofsourcesandsortouttheneeded.在信息爆炸的时代，能从大量信息中找出所需信息，这本身就是财富。3.cultivate:v.trytoacquireordeveloparelationship,anattitude,etc.(Para.4)Theycultivatedthevirtuesofhardworkandcelebratedtheadvantagesofcompetition.他们培养勤奋学习的美德，并且宣扬竞争的好处。ThroughouthislifehecultivatedandmaintainedtheconfidenceofhisAfricancolleagues.他毕生致力于帮助他的非洲同事们培养和保持信心。4.aimat:intendorplantodoorachievesth.(Para.5)Thegovernment’scampaignisaimedatinfluencingpublicopinion.政府开展这场运动的目的是为了影响公众舆论。Weareaimingatahigherproductionlevel.我们的目标是提高生产水平。5.onpurpose:intentionally,notaccidentally(Para.5)Hewentthereonpurposetoseewhathadhappened.他特地去那儿看一下发生了什么事。Didyouhurthimbyaccidentoronpurpose?你是无意还是故意伤害他的？6.setaside:savesth.foraspecialpurpose(Para.6)Wetryandsetasideabitofmoneyeverymonth.我们试着每月省下一点钱。Somevillashadseveralroomssetasidejustfors