AIS系统介绍

基于AIS的船舶避碰数据采集系统设计摘要：船舶自动识别系统(AutomaticIdentificationSystem，简称AIS)工作在海上VHF频段，运用SOTDMA方式发射船舶数据，具有补充现有船舶导航存在的缺陷，减少船舶碰撞事故;提高搜救遇险船舶的速度;增强雷达，船舶交通管理系统VTS的功能。随着全球经济的发展、国家之间交流的日益频繁，航运业迎来了蓬勃发展的又一次高峰，航海技术的提高也越来越受到重视。上个世于船纪，VHF通信技术被广泛地应用舶通的功而无法适应现术、数字通信技术以及网络信息技术能但是信领域。雷达、ARPA具代航运安全的需求;随着计算机技有识别船舶由于它们自身的局限性的飞速发展，AIS的技术基础已经形成，在航运界对助航设各的要求越来越高的情况下，船舶自动识别系统应运而生。船舶自动识别系统首先被用于航海避碰。由于雷达特性的限制，以及不是所有的船都装备有这个设备，因而它首先被用做为一种监视与判断碰撞的危险度的一种方式。获得船舶自动识别系统发送的数据对于船舶避碰非常重要。本文对AIS基本结构、工作原理、技术特点、及其输入输出接口，输出信息的帧封装及解析原理等进行了解析。在此基础上完成了AIS信息采集处理的系统设计。试验表明所得到的AIS信息准确可靠。该项技术的研究，是AIS信息应用系统研究的基础。关键词：船舶避碰AISVHFGPS数据采集Abstract:AISworksonthemarineVHF,usetheSOTDMA(SelfOrganizedTimeDivisionMultipleAccess)datachainprotocoltotransferdataofships.TheAIScanhelpthelimitsofthecurrentservices,anddecreasethecollidecaseofships,andimprovethevalueofthesafeactioninmarine,andmakethecontentoftheradarandtheVTSmorestronger.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomyofinternationalandthemorecommunicationofthecountries,thenavigationgetsachancetohaveaboomingfuture.Thenavigationtechnologiesaremoreandmoretobeemphasized.Duringthelastcentury,theVHF(VeryHighFrequency)communicationhasbeenappliedintheship'stransportation,aswellasradarandARPAalsocouldidentifyshipsinthemarine.Buttheycouldn'tadapttotheneedsofthemodernnavigationbecauseoftheirlimits.Therapiddevelopmentofthedigitalcommunicationstechnology,computertechnologyandnetwaretechnologysupportstheneededtechnologyofAIS(AutomaticIdentificationSystem).Astheaidingserviceofthenavigation,AISisborntoliveandwillbestrongerandstronger.AISisusedinnavigationprimarilyforcollisionavoidance.Duetothelimitationsofradiocharacteristics,andbecausenotallvesselsareequippedwithAIS,thesystemismeanttobeusedprimarilyasameansoflookoutandtodetermineriskofcollision。GettheinformationoftheAisisimportantforcollisionavoidance.Thispaperintroducesthebasestructure、workprinciple、technicalandI/OportoftheAIS,alsopresentsAIS’sframeencapsulationformatanddecodingencapsulationmethod.Basedontheabovemethod,thesoftwarewasdesignedfortheinformationcollectingandprocessingfromAIS.TheexperimentshowedthattheAISinformationobtainedthroughcollectingandprocessinginthiswaywasaccurateandreliable.StudyingonthesetechniquesisthebaseofstudyingtheAISinformationapplicationsysterm..Keywords:collisionavoidanceAISVHFGPSdataAcquisition目录第1章绪论1.1AIS技术的来源与发展1.1.1AIS的产生背景.........................................................................................1.1.2AIS现状与其发展.....................................................................................1.2课题的提出....................................................................1.3论文的主要研究内容和研究成果.....................................................................1.3.1研究内容...................................................................................................1.3.2研究成果...................................................................................................1.4论文的结构.........................................................................................................第2章AIS技术标准和当前主要应用分析.................................................................2.1AIS基本构成和工作原理................................................................................2.1.1AIS基本组成…..........................................................................................2.1.2船载AIS的种类......................................................................................2.1.3AIS的工作过程......................................................................................2.2AIS的技术标准及特点................................................................2.2.1AIS技术标准...................................................2.2.2新规范的AIS技术特点........................................................................2.3AIS主要技术及指标................................................................................2.3.1自组织时分多址接续SOTDMA技术..................................................2.3.2AIS工作频道及调制方式..........................................................2.3.3AIS工作模式。....................................................................................2.4AIS的协议........................................................................................................2.4.1AIS的OSI模型...............................................................................2.4.2HDLG通信规程..................................................................2.5AIS的应用...........................................................................................第3章AIS接收机系统硬件设计......................................................................3.1系统的功能分析与设计...................................................................................3.2系统方案设计..................................................................................................3.3微处理器模块的设计.......................................................................................3.3.1嵌入式系统发展现状及趋势.................................................................3.3.2嵌入式系统特点及分类...……3.3.3ARM嵌入式微处理器的选择3.4GMSK解调模块方案的设计........................................................