工业机械分会-AVQ100-series

TheIndustrialMachineryDivision(IMD)工业机械分会ELECTRICCURRENTABROAD电流委员会1997Edition(Revised*)CONTENTSIntroductionKeyToTermsUsed所用术语PlugsinDomesticandCommercialUse(Figure)家用和商用插座TypesofPlugsUsedAbroad(Table)国外插座类型CharacteristicsofElectricCurrentAbroad(Table)国外电网特征INTRODUCTIONToassistU.S.manufacturers,exportersandindividualslivingortravelingabroad,thispublicationliststhecharacteristicsofelectriccurrentavailableandthetypeofattachmentplugsusedinmostcountries.Itisanupdateofasimilarhandbookpublishedin1991.Thetablesindicatethetypeofcurrent(alternatingordirectcurrent),numberofphases,frequency(hertz),andvoltage,aswellasthestabilityofthefrequencyandthenumberofwirestoacommercialorresidentialinstallation.Thisinformationpertainstodomesticandcommercialserviceonly.Itdoesnotapplytospecialcommercialinstallationsinvolvingrelativelyhighvoltagerequirementsortoindustrialinstallations.为帮助美国制造商、出口商和旅居国外人士，本文列出了大多数国家所用插座及电网的特征，是对1991年版的相似手册的更新，本表列出了家用电器或商用电器的电流类型（交流或直流），相数，频率(赫兹)，电压，频率的稳定性，线数。这些信息只用于商用电器和家用电器，不适用于有高压要求的特别的商用电器或工业设备。Formostcountrieslistedhere,twonominalvoltagesaregiven.Thelowervoltagesareusedprimarilyforlightingandsmallerappliances,whilethehighervoltagesareusedprimarilyforairconditioners,heating,andotherlargeappliances.Travelersplanningtouseorshipappliancesabroadshouldacquaintthemselveswiththecharacteristicsoftheelectricsupplyavailableintheareainwhichtheapplianceistobeused.Insomecases,atransformermaybeusedtocorrectthevoltage.However,iftheappliancerequiresexacttimingorspeedandifthefrequencyoftheforeignelectricitysupplydiffersfromtheonetheappliancewasdesignedfor,itisadvisabletouseanappliancedesignedfortheforeignfrequencysinceauxiliaryequipmenttochangefrequencyisbulkyandexpensive.Someforeignhotelshavecircuitsprovidingapproximately120voltswhichallowgueststouseelectricshaversandotherlow-wattageU.S.appliances.对于这里列出的多数国家给出了两个额定电压，低的用于照明及小型电器，高的用于空调、加热炉和其他大型电器，旅居者要在国外使用电器，需要熟悉所在地的电网特征，某些情况下可以用变压器来获得所需要的电压，然而当所用电器要求精确的计时或速度，或者电源频率与这个电器设计所需的频率不同时，就需要使用与电源频率相同的电器，因为能改变频率的辅助设备不仅笨重还很昂贵，某些国外的旅馆提供约120伏的电压，以使客人能用电动剃须刀及其他美国产的低压电器。Theinformationpresentedherewascompiledoveraperiodofmonthsfromalargenumberofsources.Consequently,thereissomepossibilityoferrorsoromissionsforwhichtheDepartmentofCommercecannotassumeresponsibility.Inaddition,thisinformationshouldnotbetakenasfinalinthecaseofindustrialorhighlyspecializedcommercialinstallations.ItwouldbeimpossiblefortheDepartmenttomaintaincompletedataoneveryforeignindustrialinstallation.Forspecialequipmentforcommercialuseorheavyequipmentforindustrialuse,thecurrentcharacteristicsfortheareaofinstallationshouldbeobtainedfromtheenduser.本文所用的信息来源于大量的长期资料汇编而成，因而可能会有错误或者疏漏，对此商务部无法负责，另外，对于工业设备或较为专业的商业设备本文的信息不应视为最终版本，对商务部来说，要想获得每一个国家的工业设备的全套完整的数据资料是不可能的。对于专业的商业设备或重型工业设备，要从最终用户那里了解所在地区的电网特征。The1997editionwaspreparedbytheTradeDevelopmentunitintheInternationalTradeAdministration,U.S.DepartmentofCommerce.TheinformationwascompiledbyJohnJ.Bodson,industryspecialistintheOfficeofEnergy,Infrastructure,andMachinery.Editing,desktoppublishing,andproductionweredonebytheTradeInformationDivisionoftheOfficeofTradeandEconomicAnalysis.1997版由美国商务部国际贸易管理局贸易发展处筹划，由能源机械办公室的工业专家约翰伯绅整理，贸易与经济分析办公室贸易信息处编辑出版。Thecooperationofvariousgovernmentandprivateagenciesinprovidingdataisgratefullyacknowledged.SpecialthanksgototheCommercialServiceoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerceandtheForeignServiceoftheU.S.DepartmentofState.在此对各个政府和民间机构提供数据资料等合作深表感谢，特别感谢美国商务部商务服务处和国务院外务处。KEYTOTERMSTypeofcurrent--a.c.indicatesalternatingcurrentandd.c.,directcurrent.电源类型—ac交流电dc直流电Frequency--Showninnumberofhertz(cyclespersecond).Notethatevenifvoltagesaresimilar,a60-hertzU.S.clockortaperecorderwillnotfunctionproperlyon50hertzcurrent.频率—赫兹数（每秒周期数）注意：即便电压相同，60赫兹的美国时钟或录音机是不能在50赫兹的电源下正常工作。Numberofphases--1and3aretheconventionalphaseswhichmaybeavailable.相数—1和3是常规的相数Nominalvoltages--Thetermnominalvoltageisusedtodenotethereportedvoltageinuseinthemajorityofresidentialandcommercialestablishmentsinthecountryorcity.Directcurrentnominalvoltagesare110/220and120/240.Thelowervoltageisalways1/2ofthehighervoltage.Onadirectcurrentinstallation,thelowervoltagerequirestwowireswhilethehighervoltagerequiresthreewires.额定电压—额定电压用于注明所称电压在某国家或城市的家用或商用设备中是主要主流。直流额定电压是110/220和120/240。低电压是高电压的1/2。对于直流设备，低压要求两线，而高压要求三线。Alternatingcurrentisnormallydistributedeitherthrough3phasewye(star)ordelta(triangle),4-wiresecondarydistributionsystems.Inthewyeorstardistributionsystemthenominalvoltageexamplesare120/208,127/220,220/380,and230/400.Thehighervoltageis1.732(thesquarerootof3)timesthelowervoltage.Inadeltaortrianglesystem,110/220and230/460areexamplesofnominalvoltages.Thehighervoltageisalwaysdoublethelowervoltage.Thehighervoltageisobtainedbyusing2or3phasewiresandtheneutralwirewhilethelowervoltageisthevoltagebetweentheneutralwireandonephasewire.Thehighervoltagemaybesingleor3phasewhilethelowervoltageisalwayssinglephaseandusedprimarilyforlightingandforsmallappliances.交流电通常是三相wye（星形）或delta（三角形）副边四线电网。对于wye或星形系统额定电压为：120/208，220/380，230/400。高压是低压的1.732（根号3）倍。在三角形系统中额定电压为：110/220，230/460。高压是低压的两倍，高压是2或3相的线电压，而低压为相