现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

1现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed,（work---worked，water---watered,finish---finished等;）b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变成i再加ed,（carry---carriedstudy---studied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d（过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+times例：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车。)Ihavebeentheretwice.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。•Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。•Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）•Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。•Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”•WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。•HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just用于句中,表示“刚刚”•I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃完早饭。•Whathavetheyjustdone?他们刚刚做了什么？d）before用于句末,表示“以前”•I’veseenitbefore.我以前见过它。练习：用never，ever，already，before,just或yet填空。1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm?--No,Ihave________seenit.4.---Hasthebusleft_______?---Yes,ithas________left.5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?Yes,butIhavebeenthere_________.2★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别：1.have/hasgoneto去了某地（还在某地没回来）---Whereisyourfather?你爸爸在哪里？---HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2.have/hasbeento曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）+次数（once/twice/数字+times）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去过上海3次。画线提问：________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?3.have/hasbeenin待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+for+时间段/+since+时间点MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。画线提问：_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in，这四个地点副词是：here,there,home,abroad练习：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.用法二：表示过去已经开始,并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+时间段⑩since+时间点IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时a)for+一段时间Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在这里5周了。He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他学习英语3年了。3b)since+(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自从2000年开始在这里。Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自从5年前就在这里。IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自从2000年毕业就在这里。注：1)对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.画线提问：_______________haveyoulivedhere?注2):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.★为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,goout→beoutcome(go,arrive,get)→beindie→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),open→beopenclose→beclosed练习：选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.三、与一般过去时的用法比较1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连用;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.现在完成时练习题一．单项选择1.Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.4A.forB.afterC.inD.since2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4.______haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wrot