TPMS(轮胎压力监视系统)

TPMS(轮胎压力监视系统)尹智海2008.4TPMS:TheTirePressureMonitoringSystemTirepressure„nominalpressurevalidforcoldtires„gas-law:p*V=n*R*T„Advantages:conservefuelandlonglifeexpectancyTirefailures„naturalpressureloss„puncturesfromscrewsTirepressurewarningalgorithmInputsTirepressureTiretemperatureWarningalgorithmPlausibilitychecksThresholdsupervisionTemperaturecompensationLeakrateidentificationOptionalinputsVehicleloadVehiclespeedAmbienttemperatureAmbientpressureOutputsWarningAlertDriverinformationForinternaluseonly!160kPA200kPa200kPa200kPa前装市场后装市场TPMS法律规定2005年4月8号NHTSA(美国国家高速公路交通安全管理局)规定：1）轻型汽车安装率■2005.10.5前安装率20%(第一阶段)■2006.9.1前安装率70%(第二阶段)■2007.9.1前安装率100%■新车出厂注册登记之后180天内TPMS安装到位.2）市场端要求(2004.9.16)■轻型车前端市场：2004.9.16-2005.4.8间生产的车必须在2007.9.1前TPMS完成安装。■对汽车厂商而言的后端市场：在第一阶段生产的汽车必须部分或全部符合规定要求。TPMS系统组成分类1)基于ABS/ESP系统：++useofexistingwires（使用ABS/ESP总线传输）++一个中央处理单元/无需外部其他电路--不能实现NHTSA规定25%的测量精度2)主动式直接胎压检测系统(Battery-based)：主流市场++ISM-Bands(315/434MHz)(2.4GHz,5.8GHz)++仅需要RFTX(Transmitter),使用RKE系统中RX(Receiver)++需要管理轮胎转速++系统独立于轮胎厂商-lifetime受电池使用寿命决定(5-10年)3)被动式直接胎压检测系统(Battery-less)++无源Transponder,EnergyHarvesting(能源自感应)++使用周期无时间限制--每个轮胎附件转速感应器--与轮胎厂商需建立通用数据协议TPMS系统主要要求■Lifetime10年■应用温度范围-40°C--+125°C■高介质兼容性■可靠的测量精度■高速行驶(240km/h)的信号接收灵敏度TPMS市场预测TPMS系统发展趋势■当前直接式主动TPMS系统占据市场主流■欧洲和美国市场TPMS有各自的特点■成本依然是TPMS市场推广的一个主要瓶颈■TPMS的发展趋向于“智能轮胎”以及无源式系统MarketstimuliUSAƒallnewlightvehiclesfrom2007,Sep1Europe/JapanƒsafetyandcomfortfeatureForcesdrivingTPMSTPMSproductroadmap„Blind“fulfillingofregulations(NHTSA,Run-Flat)atlowestpriceIncreasedSafetybydetectingpressurelossandpreventingfromaccidentsIncreasedSafetybyoptimizingactivesafety(VSC)Fancyfeature-endcustomerisspendingmoneyReducedfuelconsumption-pollution(CO2)Warrantyissues(loggingdistancedrivingatlowpressureorhighspeed)IndirectsystemsωFL.ωRRrFL.rRRη=______________=_________ωFR.ωRLrFR.rRLDirectTPMS-NonAutoLocalization`DirectsystemwithLF-basedLocalizationRKEECURKEECUDirectsystemwithLF-basedLocalizationFord(L,SV)GM(SV)Toyota(TRW)Hyundai(L)ExampleofLOWENDIndictorDisplay(TypicalofNAFTAVehicles)DistinguishingCharacteristics:•Simpleindicatorlightfordeflatedtire(s)•PossiblyreducedbatterylifeTPMSSystemI:LOW-ENDTPMSSystemDCX(SV)Honda(TRW)Hyundai(L,TRW)Toyota(TRW)ExampleofMEDIUMLEVELIndictorDisplay(DaimlerChryslerTruck/SUV)DistinguishingCharacteristics:•Indicatorsfordeflatedtireposition(s)•NodisplayofcurrentPvaluesTPMSSystemII:MEDIUM-LEVELTPMSSystemMY09DCX(Schrader)GM(SV,Schrader)DCX(SV)Honda(TRW)Hyundai(L,TRW)ExampleofHIGHENDIndictorDisplay(AcuraRL)DistinguishingCharacteristics:•Real-timedatadisplayavailabletodriver•FrequentRFupdates(atleast1/minute)•Pressure-on-Demandpossiblew/LF•Tie-intoVehicleDynamicspossible•SomeformoflocalizationrequiredTPMSSystemIII:HIGH-ENDTPMSSystemMY09DCX(Schrader)GM(SV,Schrader)ApplicationFeaturesversusProductFeaturesDashboarddisplaySingleWarningLightOnewarninglightperwheelNumericalpressureperwheelnolocalizationLocalizationinwarningmodeonly(post-alarm)Continuouslocalizationduringdriving(priortoalarm)Localizationbyindirecttechniques2-axis-gauto-localizationLFbasedauto-localizationPermanentlocalizationeveninparkmode(priortoalarm)LocalizationFeatureLocalizationTechniqueMeasurementpointintimeAfter20minuteslatestImmediatelyaftervehiclespeed30km/hAnytime(evenduringparking)ActivationTechniqueIn-wheelaccelerometerLFtriggerNoactivation(permanentsendevery5…20minutes)TPMStechniqueindirectdirect200kPa200kPa160kPa200kPalowendmidendhighendTyrePressureMonitoringModuleTPMSensorSystemComponentsTPMSModulPressureSensorTemperatureSensorAccelerationSensorSupplyVolt.SensorSensorDiePressureSensorAccelerationSensorIntegrationofsensorsandmicrochipASICSensorDie:PressureSensor+AccelerationSensorASICExampleforatypicalbatterybasedmoduleBATTERYTPMSENSORSP30(T)KeyFeaturesSP30SP30PADCASICALFInterfaceRISCPCH7970µC128BEEPROM128BRAMTV4kB(E)ROMTimerDig.PeripheralsSensordieTirePressureMonitoringSystem(TPMS)TDK5100SP30SP30PASICARFTxTX_DataADCSignalConditioningCompensation.µCLFInterfaceBenefitofBulkMicroMachiningTechnology:Robustness&MediaCompatibility•PressureCook•Saltfog•Seawater•Dust•Boilingwater•TemperatureShock•Gasfumes•Dieselfumes•Brakefluid•Enginecoolant•Tiremountingsoap+mountinggrease•Alloywheelcleaner•Alcoholbasedcleaner•Vinylplasticizers/Handcleaner•Engineoil/Unleadedgasoline•Powersteeringfluid•Autotransmissionfluid•Degreaser/Carwaxes•Keystones/Chlorinebleach•Anti-burstsprayAtriplestacksensorsolutionprovidesthemediacompatibilityrequiredforautomotiveapplications.ConfidentialTireLocalizationwithLFTriggerAntennasLF&RFLF&RFLF&RFLF&RFLFLFLFLFCCU/CRUTireLocalization:SignalPropagation–DecentralRFCRU(LF)&RF(LF)&RF(LF)&RF(LF)&RFCCU/CRUTPMS系统构成：发射器(transmitter)：由压力传感器、MCU、射频发射芯片、电池、和天线组成。对轮胎压力、温度、电池电压及加速度进行数据采集，并将数据以无线方式发射出去.压力传感器SP30,内置8位哈佛结构RISCMCU和2D通道的LFInterface。射频发射ICTDK5100F（434MHzASK/FSKTransmitter）,系统可直接接收125Khz的低频唤醒信号控制发射模块在不同的模式下工作。SP30特点：■TPMS专用定制芯片■由sensor&MCU组成单封装芯片■内置RISC8BitMcu及ADC,LF,TIMER等外设■工作模式：POWERDOWN，RUN,IDLE，THERMALSHUTDOWN；■唤醒方式：IT/LT唤醒，PORT唤醒，LF检测唤醒；■固化函数库，可方便用户直接调用■压力测量范围100–1400kPa■压力，温度，电池电压，加