中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析

18220092ResourcesandEnvironmentintheYangtzeBasinVol.18No.2Feb.2009:100428227(2009)02201162051,2,3,1(1.,430072;2.,430074;3.,100101):,:,;,,;,;,,:;,;,;21,,,,,,,,,,,,:;;:A,,2070,,,,1997,21,,,21,[16],,[510]12,6108m3(648mm),2177m32167m3,0181m3,,0171m3,011m32200m3,16()(),6()500m3,203016,1750m3[11,12]181199920063Tab.1WaterResourcesChangeinChinafrom1999to2006(mm)(m3)1999629.1028195.72000633.2027700.82001612.4026867.82002659.7028261.32003640.0026965.82004601.0024130.02005644.3028053.02006610.8025330.0199920065633.0527073.119561979648.0028124.43:2008201224;:2008203224:(508790614073063240675070);(2005DBI3J101):(1971),,,,,.E2mail:[e-mail],20,,,,,(),,,(1),2177m3,6,284mm,90%,6,2200m3,1/4,110,1328.32103m3/hm2,80%[3,4](2),,,5,10,,[14]470%,,:1998,6247m3,3491m3(3617%),693m3(9019%),2001,,23%67%,619%,(3),3615%,81%;6315%,19%2/5,1/51000m310,8,,3/5,1/528695m3,9645m3,3[6],2GDP[4]Tab.2ComparisonofWaterResourceswithPopulation,PlantationandGDPperCapita(%)GDP(m3)199720102050(m3)()7.09.620.210.41646150112879900()7.734.739.432.45004493895595()4.82.15.71.748764140333123835()80.453.634.755.53481295226346475510010010010022202050176028320(4),,0.3014,0.7018,,,445108m3(),80%,,2005,13003200,14km,:511%,2817%,2711%,1118%,610%,2113%[15]2,7112:2000815,5100m3;19491000m35700m3,815hm2;27km,;80km2;7680kW,65320005498m3:3784m3,6818%;1139m3,2017%;575m3,1015%,20%,94%,100%,96%,430m3,GDP281m3,80m3,479m3(1=1/15hm2),219L/d,89L/d[13]3(1)20901200,214%199119941998,,1/4,1/10,400m3,,,300m320900127hm2,200kg,417%,;2400,1/42070,,,,660,400,110,100m3,2000(2),1/4111760m3,500m3,,[16]()5600m3,436m3/,1/4(),2/3::19804437m3,450m3;20015567m3,436m3,:1980200120,3699m33826m3,8314%6817%;457m31142m3,1013%2015%;280m3600m3,613%1018%:,(),,,,3800m3,70%204050,,,,,0.7018,0.3014,,80m3,1020;40%,75%85%,,15%20%,(3),81118,,70%,50%,70%(),2000620t,80%,90%,97%10%,,,75%21,,,,19%,3,,199550%,2070,1992,,,,,(4),,,,,,;,,;;,,,,,,,,421,,,,,,21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]WORLDWATERCOUNCIL.Worldwatervision2025[M].EarthscanPublicationsLtd,2000.[2],.()[M].:,2001.[3]21.[J].,2000,2(8):117.[4].[J].,2000(8):3840.[5].21[J].,2001,12(1):6671.[6],,.[J].,2004,19(5):347351.[7],.[J].,2007,16(3):297301.[8].[J].,2003,23(1):15.[9],,.[J].,2001(1):14.9112:[10],.[J].,2005,14(4):429434.[11],.21[J].,2000(1):1920.[12].21[J].,2000,2(3):711.[13],.[J].,2004,13(5):444447.[14],.[J].,2005,14(2):163167.[15],,.[J].,2006,26(1):15.[16],.[J].,2004,13(3):240245.SITUATIONANDPROBLEMANALYSISOFWATERRESOURCESECURITYINCHINAZHANGLi2ping1,2,XIAJun3,HUZhi2fang1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,China;2.WuhanInstituteofHeavyRain,ChinaMeterologicalAdministration,Wuhan430074,China;3.InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:AccordingtothelatestresultsoftheinvestigationandassessmentofwaterresourcesinChina,thecurrentsituationandfeaturesofwaterresourcesinChinawereanalyzed:richtotal,smallper2capitaquantity;unevendistributionamongyearsandoccasion,frequentdroughtsandfloods,obviouscontradictionbetweenwatersupplyanddemand;unevenspacedistribution,imbalancebetweenwaterandsoilresources;lowutilizationrateofwaterresourcesandseriouspollution.Onthisbasis,themainissuesexistinginwaterresourcessecurityinChinaareshowedinthispaper:floodsanddroughthindertheeconomicdevelopment;watershortageandwastecoexist;ecologicaldegradationandseriouswaterpollution;industrialstructureandlayoutareunfitforwaterconditions;lackofscientificsystemofwaterresourcemanagement.ThecontradictionofwaterresourceinChinawillbemoreintensifiedinthe21stcentury.Large2scalereformsandstrongmeasuresmustbecurriedouttopromotereasonableutilizationandprotectionofwaterresources.Keywords:China;situationofwaterresources;watersecurity02118