我国煤矿安全生产的法律思考

中国地质大学（北京）硕士学位论文1ADissertationSubmittedtoChinaUniversityofGeosciencesforMasterDegreeOurcountrycoalminesafetyinproductionlegalponderMasterCandidate:chenliMajor:EnvironmentandconservationlawStudyOrientation:conservationlawandconservationmanagementDissertationSupervisor:Prof.liujunxiaoChinaUniversityofGeosciences(Beijing)中国地质大学（北京）硕士学位论文3我国煤矿安全生产的法律思考4摘要2000年以来，国际石油价格出现了连续大幅攀升，随着石油价格的不断上升，引发了全球能源产品消费结构的逐步调整，国际市场对能源需求呈现出煤炭、天然气消费增加的多元化道路，国际煤炭市场出现了前所未有的复苏现象。我国作为煤炭产量居世界第一的产煤大国，煤炭工业的地位空前提高,煤炭行业迅速发展。在蓬勃发展的背后，有许多严峻的现实问题急需解决：如煤矿安全事故频繁发生、官煤勾结现象严重、煤矿产业结构不合理等等。尤其是安全事故问题。研究表明，GDP人均1000～3000美元这个区间，是安全生产事故的“易发期”。目前中国正处在这一阶段，而事故高发也是不少发达国家曾经走过的路。我国煤矿安全事故的频繁发生使许多煤矿从业人员葬送了宝贵的生命，家破人亡；国家经济发展受到影响；也使我国的安全生产状况成为国内外关注的焦点。因此加强煤矿安全生产的法制建设,成为当今法律人的一项重任。本文首先概述了我国现今煤矿安全生产状况，进而对国内外煤矿安全生产立法、执法、守法现状进行比较、分析研究。国外立法主要研究了美国的《联邦宪法》（矿产资源卷节选），《联邦矿山安全与健康法》；南非的《矿山健康与安全法》等，国外执法情况主要对比了美国、南非、印度等国的执法现状。总结出我国煤矿安全生产立法上的不足：立法指导思想落后；煤矿安全生产立法上存在概念疏漏；相关法律法规之间不衔接、不协调甚至相互矛盾等等。执法上的不足：安全生产监管机构缺乏独立性等。昀后综合得出煤矿安全生产经验：立法先行；矿山安全监督独立；矿工举报，维护自身安全；严厉处罚，高额赔偿；重视安全培训；政府资金支持安全工作；先进的矿山救护队等。综上，本人在这种形势下从法律的角度对国家煤矿安全生产问题进行思考，希望通过国内外煤矿安全生产的立法、执法和守法状况的比较、分析研究，分析我国煤矿事故多发的原因，从而提出我国在煤矿安全生产方面立法、执法、守法三方面的建议，以对我国安全生产尽微薄之力。关键词：煤矿事故立法安全生产中国地质大学（北京）硕士学位论文5AbstractSince2000,theinternationalpetroleumpricehasappearedlargelyclimbedcontinuously,alongwiththepetroleumpriceunceasingrise,hasinitiatedtheglobalenergyproductconsumptionpatterngraduallyadjustment,theinternationalmarketpresentsthemultiplexpathtotheenergydemandwhichthecoal,thenaturalgasexpenseincreases,theinternationalcoalmarketappearsunprecedentedlyrecoveredthephenomenon.Ourcountryoccupiestheworldasthecoaloutputfirstproducesthecoalgreatnation,thecoalindustrystatusunprecedentedenhancement,thecoalprofessionrapiddevelopment.Invigorousdevelopmentbehind,somemanysternrealisticquestionurgentneedsolution:Ifthecoalminesecurityaccidentshave,theofficialcoalfrequentlycolludewiththephenomenonseriously,thecoalmineindustrialstructureunreasonableandsoon.Inparticularsecurityaccidentquestion.Theresearchindicatedthat,GDPaverageperperson1000~3000USdollarthissector,isthesafetyinproductionaccident“YiFaqi”.AtpresentChinaisoccupyingthisstage,buttheaccidentsucceedsintheimperialcivilserviceexaminationsalsowasaroadwhichmanydevelopedcountriesoncepassedthrough.Ourcountrycoalminesecurityaccidentoccurredfrequentlycausesmanycoalminejobholderstoruinthepreciouslife,waswithone'sfamilybrokenupanddecimated;Thestateeconomydevelopmentcomesundertheinfluence;Alsocausesourcountry'ssafetyinproductionconditiontobecomethedomesticandforeignattentionthefocalpoint.Thereforestrengthensthecoalminesafetyinproductionthelegislativework,becomesnowalegalperson'sheavyresponsibility.Thisarticlehasfirstoutlinedourcountrynowadaysthecoalminesafetyinproductioncondition,thentothedomesticandforeigncoal我国煤矿安全生产的法律思考6minessafetyinproductionlegislation,thelawenforcement,obeysthelawthepresentsituationtocarryonthecomparison,theanalysisresearch.TheoverseaslegislationhasmainlystudiedUSFederationConstitution(mineralresourcevolumeselection),FederationMineSecurityAndHealthMethod;SouthAfricaMineHealthandsafetyMethodandsoon,theoverseaslawenforcementsituationhasmainlycontrastedcountry'stheandsoonUS,SouthAfrica,Indialawenforcementpresentsituation.Summarizesinsufficiencywhichourcountrycoalminesafetyinproductionlegislates:Thelegislationguidingideologyisbackward;Thecoalminesafetyinproductionlegislateshastheconceptoversight;Betweentherelatedlegallawsandregulationsdoesnotlinkup,isuncoordinatedevenmutualcontradictionandsoon.Finallysynthesizesobtainsthecoalminesafetyinproductionexperience:Legislatesadvance;Minesafetysurveillanceindependence;Theminerreportstotheauthorities,maintainsownsecurity;Severepunishment,highquotacompensation;Takestotrainsafely;Governmentfundsupporttrouble-freeservice;Advancedminerescuebrigadeandsoon.Inthesynthesis,myselfcarryontheponderunderthiskindofsituationfromthelegalangletothenationalcoalminesafetyinproductionquestion,hopedthroughthedomesticandforeigncoalminesafetyinproductionlegislation,enforcesthelawandobeysthelawtheconditioncomparison,theanalysisresearch,analyzesreasonwhichourcountrycoalmineaccidentsendsmuch,thusproposedourcountrylegislates,thelawenforcementinthecoalminesafetyinproductionaspect,obeysthelawthreeaspectsuggestions,bytoourcountrysafetyinproductionmostmeagerstrength.Keywords:Coalmimeaccidentlegislationsafeinproduction中国地质大学（北京）硕士学位论文7目录1引言................................................................................................................................................12正文................................................................................................................................................12.1我国煤矿安全生产现状....................................................................................................12.1.1我国煤矿自然现状..................................................................................12.1.2最容易引发煤矿安全事故的重大隐患..........................................22.1.3近几年煤矿安全事故统计及当前煤矿安全生产形势..........32.2国外煤矿安全生产立法、执法、守法现状研究........................