主动表被动的几种情况

12Grammar一动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。3动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补4一般式：tobedone,完成式：tohavebeendone。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。e.g.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthatfactory.Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.动词不定式被动式(发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生)(发生在谓语动词之前)6谓语动词主动表被动◆主动表被动非谓语动词主动表被动71.有些不及物动词或短语,如exist,appear,happen,occur,cometrue,takeplace,breakout,runout,等常以主动形式表被动意义。我的钱用完了。(runout)我实现了梦想。（cometrue）Mymoneyhasrunout.Mydreamhascometrue.一、谓语动词主动表被动的四种情形82.感官动词(feel,look,seem,taste,sound),和一些连系动词(如remain,keep,stay,prove等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。Thewater_______(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepool.Theice-cream_______(taste)delicious.felttastes93.当read,write,draw,wash,clean,burn,cook,cut,wear,sell等词与well,easily,quickly等副词连用时,常用主动表被动。10◆Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thischeesedoesn’tcuteasily.It’stoosoft.◆Thisshirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.11Questions:1.Whendidtheaccident________?交通事故是什么时候发生的？2.Whendidthewar_________?战争是何时爆发的？3.Ice-creamalways______wellinsummer.冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。happenbreakoutsells124.Themusic__________beautiful.音乐优美动听。5.Astimewenton,Einstein’stheory_______tobecorrect.随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。6.Goodmedicine________bitter!soundsprovedtastes13二、非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：1.不定式toblame,tolet/rent,tohire,toseek用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。Whoistoblame?Thehouseistolet.(该怪谁呢？)(此屋出租。)142.在“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常……Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?Hiswritingisimpossibletoread.Thestrawberriesarenicetoeat.Themanishardtoplease.Theroomisexpensivetolivein.15◆有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义：It’sadifficultbooktoread.那是一本难读的书。Itisapleasantthingtoremember.这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。163．在therebe结构中例如：Thereisalotofhomework_______（do）．Thereisnothing______________（worryabout）．todotoworryabout174.在“too…to;enoughto…”结构中主动表被动。too…to也可用被动如：Theproblemistoodifficult__________(workout)．Thehouseisbigenough__________(livein).toworkouttolivein185.不定式用于某些动词的（have,havegot,get,want,need）宾语后做后置定语时，主动表被动：e.g.Ihavesomeletterstowrite.Iwantsomethingtodrink.不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定式用主动表被动。19◆但是注意：Ihavesomethingtotype.(我自己打)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.(请别人打)所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。Ihavealettertopost.(自己寄)Ihavealettertobeposted.(请别人寄)206.beworth/need/want/require/deserve/bear…+doing,主动表被动Inall,thebookisworthreading.=isworthytoberead.SuchamanasMrSmithisnotworthhelping.＝SuchamanasMrSmithisnotworthytobehelped21◆Theplantsneedwateringeveryday.=needtobewatered.Thewallwantsrepairing=toberepaired.Heisill.Hedeservessendingtohospital.=tobesenttohospital.22◆7.不定式与疑问词连用e.g.Whichmovietowatchhasnotbeendecidedyet.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.◆8.在“with+宾语+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothing_______(do)，helayinbed．Withsomanyexercises________(finish)，Ican’tgotothecinema．todotofinish231.这些孩子需要细心照料。2.他不知道接下来要怎么表达自己。3.这个问题很好解决。Thesechildrenneedlookingaftercarefully.Hedidn’tknowhowtoexpresshimself.Thisproblemisveryeasytoworkout.244.I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything_____________toyourparents?5.Ihaveameetingto__________today.（今天我有一个会议要参加。）6.I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter______________?7.Thereisnothing______________（worryabout）.8.Thepen________(write)smoothly.9.Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.tobetakentobepostedattendtoworryaboutwritestobesent