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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 高中定语从句全面详细讲解
1高中定语从句详细讲解一:定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上:不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的”关系词的使用上:A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上:A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例:TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。非限制性定语从句举例:Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。三:关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。4.That指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。5.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.2Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?6as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas;so…as等结构中。※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。.---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.比较:Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,表示说话人对话语的看法态度解释或评论.这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为正如,这一点。(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)注意:thesame…….as与thesame……that的区分当先行词被thesame修饰时关系词既可以用as,也可以用that在表示事物时,有时两者有一定的区别.一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that.在抽象概念上,同种类事物是没有绝对区别的,所以两个词可以换用.例如ThisisthesamebookthatIusedyesterday.ThisisthesamebookasIusedyesterday.四:“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如:Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。五:关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。2where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。当现行词为point,case,age,business,degreeconditionoccasion,situation,atmosphere,scenes等时,在定语从句作状语时,用where.例如,)1Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where32Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.whereB.bywhichC.whichD.that3Hewasdrivingsofastastogethimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytolosethecontroloverhiscar.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如:Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.自从他在农村读小学时,他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。六:限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4.当先行词被thevery,th
本文标题:高中定语从句全面详细讲解
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